https://www.onverticality.com/blog daily 1.0 2025-11-13 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-introduction monthly 0.5 2025-05-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579557802504-8XHXY9LD0HKU11HH5CR2/1889-VincentVanGogh-StarryNight.jpg Home - Introduction to Verticality Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night, painted in 1889. Van Gogh had a deep fascination with the night sky, and he attempted to recreate the brilliance of the moon and the stars in some of his work. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997081628-0XNM523TV8D9CO3EPH1L/1487-1490-daVinci-AirScrewStudy.jpg Home - Introduction to Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997061162-XUP3O87HVG1OID4RR4B9/1487-1490-daVinci-TestingLoadToleranceForAWing.jpg Home - Introduction to Verticality Leonardo Da Vinci’s designs for flying machines, circa 1490. Da Vinci was tapping into an innate need we have to escape the surface of the earth, and he was using flight as a way of achieving it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579557688494-DL05DZS8AWYOEZRBB9ZQ/1969-BuzzAldrinOnTheMoon.jpg Home - Introduction to Verticality It’s been a long and arduous journey for humans to reach our goal of escaping the planet we live on. This is a 1969 photo of Buzz Aldrin walking on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission, marking the first time in the history of our species that we’d escaped earth and set foot on another planet. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/need-to-build-on-high monthly 0.5 2024-10-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e825abfb-dcad-40fc-92c4-d6790eaf8cfd/1838-FrancisHerv%C3%A9-VillagenearAdrianople.jpg Home - The Need to Build on High - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/many-layered-atmosphere monthly 0.5 2024-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/718acc97-ae4d-4764-85f7-4ef5062f23d2/1962-LifeNatureLibrary-AtmosphereLayers.jpg Home - The Many-Layered Atmosphere - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/nat-lowell-manhattan monthly 0.5 2023-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/d74bb126-1c7b-4c68-ba2d-49f2cae0bef0/1929-NatLowell-TheTipofManhattan.jpg Home - Nat Lowell and the Tip of Manhattan - Make it stand out 1929 etching by Nat Lowell showing the southern tip of Manhattan with her mountain of skyscrapers. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/westminster-imperial-tower monthly 0.5 2023-11-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/6271fcd1-0b73-4718-9405-7b89217ca469/1904-LambandSeddon-ImperialMonumentalHallsandTower1.jpg Home - Lamb and Seddon’s Imperial Monumental Tower at Westminster - Make it stand out Perspective of the proposed Imperial Monumental Tower by Lamb and Seddon, showing a massive tower that dwarfs the existing Victoria Tower and Big Ben Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/307382c7-dc8a-4c4e-9185-4a4804f898ee/1904-LambandSeddon-ImperialMonumentalHallsandTower4.jpg Home - Lamb and Seddon’s Imperial Monumental Tower at Westminster - Make it stand out Site plan for the proposed Imperial Monumental Tower by Lamb and Seddon, showing its connection to Westminster Abbey. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/87982486-09f7-4a01-8fd1-e9711e0a3975/1904-LambandSeddon-ImperialMonumentalHallsandTower2.jpg Home - Lamb and Seddon’s Imperial Monumental Tower at Westminster - Make it stand out Ground-level perspective of the proposed Imperial Monumental Tower by Lamb and Seddon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/fba6ff49-c45d-4357-a3d2-2b482d270fa9/1904-LambandSeddon-ImperialMonumentalHallsandTower3.jpg Home - Lamb and Seddon’s Imperial Monumental Tower at Westminster - Make it stand out Aerial illustration of the proposed Imperial Monumental Tower by Lamb and Seddon, showing the tower looming over its surroundings and creating a focal point for the complex. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/washington-monument-original monthly 0.5 2023-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/48fdd8f7-7f9d-4793-a4c7-231bb51a4dbf/1845-RobertMills-WashingtonMonumentOriginalDesign.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Washington Monument - Make it stand out Illustration showing Robert Mills’ original design proposal for the Washington Monument. It’s more elaborate and commands more of a presence than the minimalist design that got built. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f48eef75-cb8d-4d81-913c-35ea5191c147/1814-RobertMills-WashMonumentBaltimore.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Washington Monument - Make it stand out 1814 proposal for a Washington Monument in Baltimore, proposed by Robert Mills. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f569c5e3-d07d-47d0-aebe-d774d0fa16b3/1854-RobertMills-WashMonument.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Washington Monument - Make it stand out Postcard showing the built version of the Washington Monument, completed in 1854. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/chicago-colossus monthly 0.5 2023-01-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/b808dd4d-95a6-4ac6-aa39-7eeca0de404c/1890-PuckMagazine-ChicagoColossus.jpg Home - The Colossus of Chicago - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/augustus-moore-herring-gliders monthly 0.5 2022-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/58acb793-d6e6-4d7f-9eae-47ddc3d291e4/1894-AugustusMooreHerring-Glider.jpg Home - Augustus Moore Herring’s Gliders - Make it stand out Photo from 1894, showing Augustus Moore Herring and his glider prototype, designed from Otto Lilienthal’s 1893 patent from Germany. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/5fd466dd-2e12-4c64-a46e-23c39982f067/Herring_Chanute_Patent.jpg Home - Augustus Moore Herring’s Gliders - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/traveling-companion monthly 0.5 2022-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/ba51fd54-3dd8-4e5f-bf29-d892cec65ef9/1919-GordonBrowne-TravelingCompanion.jpg Home - The Traveling Companion - Make it stand out Illustration by Gordon Browne from a 1919 edition of Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/three-fluted-towers monthly 0.5 2023-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/ceb0695b-9e5a-43b3-85b5-b3df848e76d6/1933-ThreeFlutedTowers1.jpg Home - The Three Fluted Towers of the Chicago World’s Fair - Make it stand out Postcard from the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair, showing the Federal Building with its three fluted towers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/07d73034-28ff-49f6-b528-975655eb89dc/1933-ThreeFlutedTowers3.jpg Home - The Three Fluted Towers of the Chicago World’s Fair - Make it stand out Postcard from the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair, showing the Federal Building and the Hall of States from above. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/233af19f-790e-4e66-9ba9-03dfe7be9701/1933-ThreeFlutedTowers2.jpg Home - The Three Fluted Towers of the Chicago World’s Fair - Make it stand out Postcard from the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair, showing the Federal Building with its three fluted towers. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dirigible-compendium monthly 0.5 2022-12-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/259736f3-f8d8-4c9c-8f52-5ebcd2b5f060/1885-EMorieu-FlyingMachines.jpg Home - A Compendium of Dirigibles - Make it stand out Etching circa 1885 by E. Morieu showing a group of early dirigible designs. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/helene-alberti-wingsuit monthly 0.5 2022-12-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f3ec773e-cf2b-4d2e-9143-8373fc038d01/1931-HeleneAlberti-Glider1.jpg Home - Madame Helene Alberti’s Cosmic Wings - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/213aec41-2b5a-48f5-acba-3f1bb99e55c7/1931-HeleneAlberti-Glider2.jpg Home - Madame Helene Alberti’s Cosmic Wings - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/origin-of-the-obelisk monthly 0.5 2022-12-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/de4c4bba-dee3-4ee0-b828-9b47772618a9/1846-DavidRoberts-LuxorObelisk.jpg Home - The Origin of the Obelisk - Make it stand out Illustration by David Roberts from 1846 showing the Luxor Obelisk at the entrance of the Luxor Temple in Egypt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/accb4adc-9f57-4e9b-8ff3-e91c2e5c57a4/1846-DavidRoberts-AlexandriaObelisk.jpg Home - The Origin of the Obelisk - Make it stand out Illustration by David Roberts showing the Obelisk of Alexandria in Egypt. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/91544598-afe5-480c-83dd-9b2999733a56/1846-DavidRoberts-HeliopolisObelisk.jpg Home - The Origin of the Obelisk - Make it stand out Illustration by David Roberts of the Obelisk at Heliopolis in Egypt. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dante-and-the-eagle monthly 0.5 2022-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3c620cbf-fdb4-4e7d-b3a6-110d1d036f43/1867-GustaveDor%C3%A9-DanteandtheEagle.jpg Home - Dante and the Eagle - Make it stand out Illustration by Gustave Doré from 1867, showing a scene from Dante’s Purgatorio where Dante is carried upwards by an eagle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/821fc804-fb68-4145-9448-edb304973ea4/1860-FrancescoScaramuzza-DanteandtheEagle.jpg Home - Dante and the Eagle - Make it stand out Illustration, circa 1860, by Francesco Scaramuzza showing Dante getting carried by the eagle. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eiffel-tower-hotel monthly 0.5 2022-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/00bea8b0-db98-4099-b2c3-84cbc04c8beb/1900-EiffelTowerHotelProposal.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : A Colossal Hotel at the Eiffel Tower - Make it stand out Elevation of a 1900 proposal to put a massive hotel at the base of the Eiffel Tower. It was proposed as part of the 1900 Exposition Universelle. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/john-muir-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2022-12-09 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/calvin-pollard-washington-monument monthly 0.5 2022-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/cbe69e19-3bd5-41e0-bf93-8955f9f075b9/1844-CalvinPollard-WashingtonMonument.jpg Home - Calvin Pollard’s Proposal for the Washington Monument - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-witches-frolic monthly 0.5 2023-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c6b0a4f0-7f83-491a-a62d-6c4e3d10b58a/1907-ArthurRackham-WitchesFlying.jpg Home - The Witches’ Frolic - Make it stand out Illustration by Arthur Rackham showing a group of witches flying on their broomsticks. Taken from the Thomas Ingoldsby legend The Witches’ Frolic. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8325f4d3-f4d7-415a-baac-b8f198ee15eb/1910-AlbertJosephP%C3%A9not-D%C3%A9partPourLeSabbat.jpg Home - The Witches’ Frolic - Make it stand out A painting by Albert Joseph Penot from 1910 called Départ pour le Sabbat, which means Departure for the Witches' Sabbath. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/singer-and-nostalgia monthly 0.5 2023-05-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e459cac3-f2c9-402e-a81f-6d46f4c6ea89/1898-ErnstFlagg-SingerBuilding.jpg Home - The Singer Building and the Power of Nostalgia - Make it stand out Illustration showing the Singer Building, which was built in Lower Manhattan in 1908 and demolished in 1967. It remains in the public consciousness and is a symbol of lost architectural icons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3bd8b51e-8c2c-46f9-a08a-48de5856d0f2/1908-SingerTower1920.jpg Home - The Singer Building and the Power of Nostalgia - Make it stand out Photo of Singer Building, circa 1915. Pictured in the background is the Woolworth Building, which was also the world’s tallest building when it was built. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/baedd27f-affd-4fdd-b625-0287ec2127d9/1898-SingerTower.jpg Home - The Singer Building and the Power of Nostalgia - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/cad8dcd5-e5a4-4f84-b6d7-a11865350f0a/1908-SingerTower-Floorplan.png Home - The Singer Building and the Power of Nostalgia - Make it stand out Original tower floorplan of the Singer Building. The plan was designed to accommodate a ring of private offices and little else. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/46e8d924-0bef-474b-a783-9e066fa8e11f/Singer20Exchange.jpg Home - The Singer Building and the Power of Nostalgia - Make it stand out Postcards showing the Singer Building on the left, and 20 Exchange Place on the right. The design and the history of 20 Exchange closely mirrors the story of Singer, but it has a much better ending. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/mr-golightly monthly 0.5 2022-11-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/afbcd3a6-2f3e-4c9a-89f0-bc420c465e02/1826-FlightofIntellect.jpg Home - Mr. Golightly and the Flight of Intellect - Make it stand out Illustration by Charles Tilt titled The Flight of Intellect, showing Mr. Golightly riding the Steam Riding Rocket. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/70fb95be-c7eb-4e65-ba4e-a554aa197bd5/1849-CharlesTilt-MrGolightlyGoldRushRocket.jpg Home - Mr. Golightly and the Flight of Intellect - Make it stand out Illustration by Charles Tilt showing Mr. Golightly riding his steam rocket to the American West during the California Gold Rush. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-of-clouds monthly 0.5 2022-12-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/23009070-bc17-462e-9033-43a10208c83a/IMG_2849.JPG Home - The Verticality of Clouds - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633465521605-WYSVA31NQ31M9ZQJYA35/2010-JennyHeidewald-CloudTypes.jpg Home - The Verticality of Clouds - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a2c68818-fd6d-4994-871d-ce061d5e5967/IMG_2226.JPG Home - The Verticality of Clouds - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/a-proposed-flying-machine monthly 0.5 2022-11-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9456d75e-c39c-4613-8260-77bc6e92971c/1874-ScientificAmerican-ProposedFlyingMachine.jpg Home - A Proposed Flying Machine - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jurgen-wellenkamp-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2022-10-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/pegasus-and-bellerophon monthly 0.5 2022-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1c241e14-c753-4c62-8263-71fb0eac243d/1655-NicolasLanglois-BellerophonSlayingTheChimera.jpg Home - The Myth of Pegasus and Bellerophon - Make it stand out Illustration from 1655 showing Bellerophon and Pegasus fighting the Chimera. Drawn by Nicolas Langlois. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/d2f94831-7d32-48e7-8203-36e283258657/1745c-GiovanniBattistaTiepolo-BellerophonRidingPegasus.jpg Home - The Myth of Pegasus and Bellerophon - Make it stand out Painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo showing Bellerophon and Pegasus fighting the Chimera. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/hiram-maxim-flying-machine monthly 0.5 2022-09-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/d129c0e4-8351-4322-acc5-8bb6518f2a44/1889-HiramMaxim-FlyingMachine.jpg Home - Hiram Maxim’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Hiram Maxim’s first flying machine, circa 1890. The machine was built to run along two tracks in order to control its movement. It did achieve liftoff along the tracks, but was constrained by a safety track so it didn’t exactly achieve free flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/ecbda087-85ef-4a89-a0f9-d1248fab4040/1889-HiramMaxim-FlyingMachine2.jpeg Home - Hiram Maxim’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Hiram Maxim’s 1893 flying machine, with five pairs of wings. The machine was meant to run along tracks to gain speed before lifting off. The craft never flew. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/mole-littoria monthly 0.5 2022-12-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/cc4a01df-8e0e-4be5-a19e-a40caed2ef8a/1924-MarioPalanti-MoleLittoriaProject.jpg Home - The Mole Littoria Project - Make it stand out Perspective illustration of the Mole Littoria Project, which was a proposal for the tallest building in Europe for Rome. It was planned by Benito Mussolini and designed by Italian architect Mario Palanti. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/6ac2a9c6-0b5f-4783-b3ec-4f79831b719c/1924-MarioPalanti-MoleLittoriaProject2.jpg Home - The Mole Littoria Project - Make it stand out Elevation of the Mole Littoria Project, which was a proposal for the tallest building in Europe for Rome. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4294ecd8-eed8-4918-93ed-5b6444a61223/1924-MarioPalanti-MoleLittoriaProject3.jpg Home - The Mole Littoria Project - Make it stand out Floor plan of the Mole Littoria Project, which was a proposal for the tallest building in Europe for Rome. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alexander-the-great-flying-machine monthly 0.5 2022-07-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/aaabef31-1f3e-4cdc-bc63-6a9764ac1b6a/1420-AlexanderTheGreatFlyingMachine.jpg Home - Alexander the Great’s Flying Machine - Make it stand out Illustration of Alexander the Great’s Flying machine, consisting of a chair held aloft by a group of griffins. Originally published in The True History of the Good King Alexander, circa 1420. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/da-vinci-comic monthly 0.5 2022-06-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/09b01202-2277-483e-a3ad-95b4159f94ce/1947-LeonardodaVinci-500YearsTooSoon1.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci : 500 Years Too Soon - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e53d8058-a93c-46fe-8f8a-cb6f41ff4578/1947-LeonardodaVinci-500YearsTooSoon2.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci : 500 Years Too Soon - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/2750b065-ed91-45f4-8967-d161e128d768/1947-LeonardodaVinci-500YearsTooSoon3.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci : 500 Years Too Soon - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/im-jahre-2000 monthly 0.5 2022-04-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3b8a45cc-3d5f-4019-a47b-080f0a8247d7/1898-ImJahre2000-Polizei.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Unsere Polizei Im Jahre 2000, which is German for Our Police in the Year 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9079a538-7b87-4211-994d-cc22cdcb3cf6/1898-ImJahre2000-EineReise.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Eine Reise um die Welt Im Jahre 2000, which is German for A Trip Around the World in the Year 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/aca3d6e8-435e-4008-83b0-1cf5134db4fd/1898-ImJahre2000-Sanatorium.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Sanatorium in Hohen Regionen Im Jahre 2000, which is German for Sanatorium in High Regions in the Year 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4566fd0b-8b2d-4cc9-9b6e-ebcd26498108/1898-ImJahre2000-Hauptstrasse.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Eine Hauptstrasse Im Jahre 2000, which is German for A Main Street in the Year 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/00eca401-33ca-450a-82c3-b3c76612e160/1898-ImJahre2000-Reisehotel.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Eine Reisehotel Im Jahre 2000, which is German for A Traveling Hotel in the Year 2000. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8c4023dd-6dc0-4ea7-adbd-55655f687179/1898-ImJahre2000-Droschke.jpg Home - Im Jahre 2000 : In the Year 2000 - Make it stand out Droschke I. Classe Im Jahre 2000, which is German for First Class Taxicab in the Year 2000. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/skyscrapers-of-philadelphia monthly 0.5 2022-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a38022ee-2563-4e8c-81a6-21da879e4398/1898-Webster%26Hunter-SkyscrapersofPhiladelphia.jpg Home - Skyscrapers of Philadelphia - Make it stand out Illustration by Webster & Hunter showing the tallest buildings in Philadelphia in 1898. The collage is dominated by the City Hall Clock Tower. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/march-of-progress monthly 0.5 2022-04-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100090251-O07SWEXK873Q9EYXG8UF/1965-RudolphFZallinger-MarchOfProgress.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f659c58d-e98a-4470-acb9-6df90c6d64b4/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-Original.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/fa9defbf-5e45-410a-9128-bfd4107404e9/1879-ErnstHaeckel-PaleontologicalTreeofVertebrates.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e7e1bd1e-02e6-4c50-95ee-f8d44f559fc3/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-Original.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8d2307e3-8555-4c5e-9b95-49b02267fa44/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-01.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8d5ea7db-0eef-438d-9e82-10c5f59bd91c/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-02.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f1274e8e-886d-4b89-8874-cd86e267bff7/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-03.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c2a24365-0b00-4340-9913-6071d29d2245/1965-RudolphZallinger-MarchofProgress-04.jpg Home - The March of Progress and the Fallacy of Progressive Evolution - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eiffel-as-his-tower monthly 0.5 2022-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/0bc58b51-c87b-41c3-917b-e1669915c8ca/1889-EdwardLinleySambourne-GustaveEiffel.jpg Home - Eiffel as his Tower - Make it stand out Cartoon from June 1189 showing Gustave Eiffel as the Eiffel Tower.[1] This melding of man and tower illustrates how our buildings are extensions of ourselves. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-city-of-1950 monthly 0.5 2022-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/aace57dc-541d-4d23-809c-0319ff618ada/1925-HarveyWiletCorbett-HowYouMayLiveandTravelintheCityof1950.jpeg Home - How You May Live and Travel in the City of 1950 - Make it stand out Illustration from 1925 by Harvey Wiley Corbett showing a vision for the future city of 1950. It includes a vertical separation and stacking of the layers of the city. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/mountaineering-offers-an-emotional-experience-which-cannot-otherwise-be-reached monthly 0.5 2022-03-31 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-flying-trunk monthly 0.5 2022-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/0560571a-e941-4d6a-997d-f8725bba7a83/1840-VilhelmPedersen-TheFlyingTrunk.jpg Home - The Flying Trunk - Make it stand out Illustration by Vilhelm Pedersen showing a scene from The Flying Trunk folktale by Hans Christian Andersen. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/54e3a2ed-29c8-432e-8be8-558b908c3c16/1919-GordonBrowne-FlyingTrunk.jpg Home - The Flying Trunk - Make it stand out Illustration by Gordon Browne from a 1919 edition of Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales, showing the Flying Trunk. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/roller-coasters monthly 0.5 2022-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1635789946602-Q3002J2VB124QMZOYEVB/1935-Unknown-CycloneRollerCoaster.jpg Home - The Verticality of Roller Coasters - Make it stand out Historic photo of the iconic Cyclone roller coaster at Coney Island, in New York City. It was built in 1927 and is one of the most recognizable roller coasters in the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9c10a11d-2797-4688-a4b1-767f823eb7b4/Promenades_Aeriennes_Jardin_Baujon.jpg Home - The Verticality of Roller Coasters - Make it stand out The Promenades-Aeriennes, which was one of the world’s first roller coasters. It was located in Paris and built in 1817. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/0a06fa76-3ba0-4885-aed5-429990017c93/1920-DerbyRacerCoasterPostcard.jpg Home - The Verticality of Roller Coasters - Make it stand out Postcard showing the Derby Racer roller coaster at Euclid Beach Amusement Park, circa 1920. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/vulture-comic monthly 0.5 2022-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/acca8e7a-c041-41b0-8502-ee366a29e1bf/1973-SpidermanVultureFlyingMan.jpg Home - Nothing can stop a flying man! - Make it stand out Page from the comic book Spider Man: The Return of the Vulture showing the Vulture testing out his new ability to fly. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/design-for-a-national-memorial monthly 0.5 2022-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/386b6712-6686-4d49-8c64-955b84f47deb/19XX-Armstrong%26DeGelleke-DesignForNationalMemorial.jpg Home - A Design for a National Memorial - Make it stand out Rendering by W.T.L. Armstrong showing a Design for a National Monument by Armstrong & De Gelleke Architects. The design features a supertall obelisk surrounded by Greek temples and colonnades. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eiffel-tower-effect monthly 0.5 2022-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a843547f-adc4-48bd-be98-1847389b5507/1889-EdwardLinleySambourne-EiffelTowerBirds.jpg Home - The Eiffel Tower Effect - Make it stand out Illustration from an 1889 issues of Punch magazine, showing a flock of birds flying toward the Eiffel Tower. The birds represent the countries of the world, and the illustrator was trying to show the global magnetism of the structure. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-magic-city monthly 0.5 2022-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/5e42e3fb-8af7-4751-8f65-4d27a5c4e24f/2003-ArthurSkizhali-Weiss-VerticalCity.jpg Home - The Magic City - Make it stand out Illustration by Russian architectural theorist Arthur Skizhali-Weiss, titled Magic City from 2002. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/ray-bradbury-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2022-03-17 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/fool-of-the-world-flying-ship monthly 0.5 2022-03-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a1d8523d-c679-4797-8de1-445cae136857/1956-Kochergin-FlyingShipFolktalePostcard.jpg Home - The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship - Make it stand out Illustration of the flying ship from the Russian folktale The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship. Taken from a 1956 Russian postcard illustrated by Kochergin. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/leaning-tower-of-pisa monthly 0.5 2022-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3f0d23f3-c28b-4af5-b957-376ff0eee94f/1900-LeaningTowerofPisaPhoto.jpg Home - The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Axis Mundi - Make it stand out Photograph of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, circa 1900. The tower’s trademark lean is shown, which is the reason it’s become so famous. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/2c552991-d6df-4c5a-bcb0-f14842af6ff7/1896-BanisterFletcher-TowerOfPisa2.jpg Home - The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Axis Mundi - Make it stand out Illustration by Sir Banister Fletcher of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, showing the tower’s iconic tilt. Originally drawn for Fletcher’s book A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method, first published in 1896. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/b9e1c176-b663-4199-9f52-ec11089d4e58/1490-LeonardodaVinci-VitruvianMan2.jpg Home - The Leaning Tower of Pisa and the Axis Mundi - Make it stand out Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man. Taken from da Vinci’s notebooks and drawn sometime around 1490, it shows a human figure based on proportions described by Vitruvius in his Ten Books on Architecture. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/parachutes-comic monthly 0.5 2022-03-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/b5d7aa85-c7ba-4779-9fee-addf0d044a3e/1943-WarHeroes4-Parachutes.jpg Home - Parachutes : A Fantastic Dream of the Ancients Come True - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/altitudinal-decrease-in-vegetation monthly 0.5 2022-03-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/5007405c-ba42-43f6-b298-061e9ffa2602/1860-Jean-AugustinBarral-AltitudinalZonation.jpg Home - The Altitudinal Decrease in Vegetation - Make it stand out Illustration from 1860 by Jean-Augustin Barral showing altitudinal zonation and its effect on vegetation. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/despradelle-beacon-of-progress monthly 0.5 2022-03-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/32bd34cf-62de-46cf-ae39-55c39736d237/1900-ConstantD%C3%A9sir%C3%A9Despradelle-BeaconofProgress.jpg Home - Constant-Désiré Despradelle’s Beacon of Progress - Make it stand out Perspective rendering of Constant-Désiré Despradelle’s Beacon of Progress project. He designed the project for the site of the 1893 World’s Fair that took place in Chicago, and it was meant to embody the genius of the American people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a545a60f-bd6c-4af7-9f81-bd44cab95227/1900-ConstantD%C3%A9sir%C3%A9Despradelle-BeaconofProgress3.jpg Home - Constant-Désiré Despradelle’s Beacon of Progress - Make it stand out Section and plan drawings showing the interiors of the Beacon of Progress project by Constant-Désiré Despradelle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1fbe7143-24d0-42f6-8d42-da3a68a84aa1/1900-ConstantD%C3%A9sir%C3%A9Despradelle-BeaconofProgress2.jpg Home - Constant-Désiré Despradelle’s Beacon of Progress - Make it stand out Elevation showing the base of the Beacon of Progress project by Constant-Désiré Despradelle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9816c73e-2333-4830-8691-324dc07df3b0/1900-ConstantD%C3%A9sir%C3%A9Despradelle-BeaconofProgress4.jpg Home - Constant-Désiré Despradelle’s Beacon of Progress - Make it stand out Perspective rendering of the base entry sequence of the Beacon of Progress project by Constant-Désiré Despradelle. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/gustave-whitehead-flying-machines monthly 0.5 2022-03-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c90df698-9ff2-47d4-8edc-1bf605ae7144/1901-GustaveWhitehead-No21Glider.jpg Home - Gustave Whitehead’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Photo of Gustave Whitehead and his Whitehead Number 21 Glider from 1901. [1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/35ea065e-5770-4d32-8efc-d2151c7899ff/1908-GustaveWhitehead-AeroplanePatent.jpg Home - Gustave Whitehead’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Patent drawings from 1908 showing an updated version of the Number 21 flying machine by Gustave Whitehead. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c411c07e-a551-4928-90cd-d5596d953550/1280px-Whitehead_in_his_Glider_1.jpg Home - Gustave Whitehead’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Photo of Gustave Whitehead piloting his 1903 glider. There’s dispute over whether or not this photo shows a true flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e924447b-cf05-4500-a244-79469b85ca51/1905-GustaveWhitehead-AlbatrossGlider.jpg Home - Gustave Whitehead’s Flying Machines - Make it stand out Photo of Gustave Whitehead’s Albatross-type glider from 1903-1904. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-new-york-american-journal-hq monthly 0.5 2022-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/039a1ea8-29ea-4c3c-8bfc-ae2ce1e18652/1900-Barney%26Chapman-NewYorkAmericanJournalHQ.jpg Home - The New York American Journal Headquarters - Make it stand out Proposed headquarters for the New York American Journal, to be located at Columbus Circle in New York City. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f22f3f73-4b86-4093-8805-1421ffe72afb/1904-Barney%26Chapman-NYJournalHQPlan.jpg Home - The New York American Journal Headquarters - Make it stand out Floor plan for the New York American Journal Headquarters proposal by Barney & Chapman Architects. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/bradbury-flying-machine monthly 0.5 2022-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3b9e6076-3b94-4321-bd87-0735aee89d4e/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-1.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/19327fae-59f3-41bb-b03f-41b143c85e2d/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-2.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4e30aa67-d694-49f3-ab8b-4d6512e243e6/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-3.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/50079881-2436-4f26-bf08-3f86e7324668/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-4.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1cf1fb8b-8c92-4d2d-b75f-094180756edc/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-5.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8eebd5f6-e857-4174-a0e2-6ecd9acb767c/1953-RayBradbury-TheFlyingMachine-AlFeldstein-6.jpg Home - The Flying Machine by Ray Bradbury - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/proctor-steel-tower monthly 0.5 2025-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/dbb8cc40-3be0-40f1-94eb-5ab8af3be30a/wDKMLA0.jpeg Home - The Proctor Steel Tower - Make it stand out Elevation of the Proctor Tower, which was planned for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The structure is an offspring of the Eiffel Tower, which was built just two years before it was designed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/ab3f8a59-f02f-44f8-a7e4-174d9e27e70f/1891-DavidRProctor-ProctorSteelTower2.jpg Home - The Proctor Steel Tower - Make it stand out Bird’s eye view of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition grounds, with the proposed Proctor Tower on the right. If built, it’s height would’ve dominated the entire fairgrounds and created a landmark visible for miles around. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/minnikin-flying-ship monthly 0.5 2022-02-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c1e82902-4a77-4cad-9d2b-9f0bd526a112/1800-HJFord-ShipWentAway-RedFairyBook.jpg Home - Minnikin’s Flying Ship - Make it stand out Illustration by H.J. Ford showing Minnikin flying in his magical ship. This ship is used as a method of travel for him and it gives him great power over everyone else. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/skyscrapers-of-tomorrow monthly 0.5 2022-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/e103fff2-0ef3-4455-9a19-31021bc704c1/1923-HarveyCorbett-SkyscrapersofTo-morrow.jpg Home - Skyscrapers of To-morrow - Make it stand out Illustration by Harvey Wiley Corbett from 1923 showing a strategy for future skyscrapers. Corbett shows a separation of ground-level traffic and roof-landings for aircraft. Originally published in the July 1923 issue of Science and Invention. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/friedrich-gosling-reichstag monthly 0.5 2022-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/539c67df-9c87-4a01-afe3-55772e22e4c8/1871-Friedrich+G%C3%B6sling-ReichstagProposal.jpg Home - Friedrich Gösling’s Proposal for the Reichstag - Make it stand out 1871 proposal for the original Reichstag building by Friedrich Gösling. The design is a neo-Gothic pile of spires and pinnacles that seems to point up to the sky. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/552d6ff4-6b13-475b-a390-7679dae151ca/1871-Friedrich+G%C3%B6sling-ReichstagProposalPlan.jpg Home - Friedrich Gösling’s Proposal for the Reichstag - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/early-aeronautics-collage monthly 0.5 2022-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/50eaa26e-8648-4315-8fa9-f92b8f3da186/1899-Meir-Aeronautics.jpg Home - Early Aeronautics - Make it stand out Collage of early flying machines from the German encyclopedia Meyers Konversations Lexikon, titled Vintage Flying Machines and originally published in 1908. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/23ccacf3-a2d0-4977-85e6-6fccde305c34/1897-Meyers-EarlyAirNavigation.jpg Home - Early Aeronautics - Make it stand out Collage of early flying machines from the German encyclopedia Meyers Konversations Lexikon, titled Early Flying Machines and originally published in 1897. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/qtub-minar monthly 0.5 2022-02-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633012530222-0AO79NVUV13KJD1XT7KA/1858-SamuelProut-QutubMinar.jpg Home - The Qtub Minar and the Verticality of Minarets - Make it stand out Illustration by Samuel Prout from 1858, showing the Qtub Minar, which is part of the Qtub complex in Delhi, India. The minaret provides a landmark for the site, greatly increasing its visibility to the surrounding landscape. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/52624a40-5392-48f3-9516-338fe9d45574/1805-ThomasDaniell-QtubMinar.jpg Home - The Qtub Minar and the Verticality of Minarets - Make it stand out Watercolor from 1805 by Thomas Daniell showing the Qtub complex, with the minaret dominating the entire area. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/rapunzel monthly 0.5 2022-02-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4972cbf2-1fb7-49df-9355-ed9daf9fafa0/1800-WalterCrane-Rapunzel.jpg Home - Rapunzel and the Isolation of Height - Make it stand out Illustration from the original printing of the Grimm Brothers Fairy Tales, showing Rapunzel getting rescued by the Prince. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/chicago-columbus-tower monthly 0.5 2022-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4a3d27de-86e7-4d0b-8b24-f7c9f0d53925/1891-ChicagoColumbusTower2.jpg Home - The Chicago Columbus Tower - Make it stand out Advertising card from 1891 for the Chicago Columbus Tower. It was designed as the centerpiece of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/columbian-triumphal-arch monthly 0.5 2022-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/7adedb50-5fe3-4818-9f88-874bf8026cc3/1892--ColumbianTriumphalArch.jpg Home - The Columbian Triumphal Arch - Make it stand out Engraving of a proposal for a triumphal arch for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tour-saint-jacques-aerocab-station monthly 0.5 2022-02-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/33268e6a-2378-4ddb-938d-4e5e6a40c326/1883-AlbertRobida-AerocabStationAtopTheTourSaint-Jaques.jpg Home - An Aerocab Station atop the Tour Saint-Jacques - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows an aerocab station built atop the Tour Saint-Jacques in Paris. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/e-p-frost-ornithopters monthly 0.5 2022-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/7a5d7d77-bdf9-4458-ae33-1401e3ddeb29/1877-EPFrost-Ornithopter1.jpg Home - E.P. Frost’s Ornithopters - Make it stand out Sketch of E.P. Frost’s first ornithopter design, built and tested between 1870 to 1877. The machine consisted of three pairs of wings and relied on a steam engine for power. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/dfddb6d2-b93a-458a-91e4-e8dbd3b2b932/1877-EPFrost-Ornithopter1-2.jpg Home - E.P. Frost’s Ornithopters - Make it stand out Photo of E.P. Frost’s first prototype of an ornithopter from the design sketch above. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/00d38d2d-2df8-45fb-af44-5c621f88ebb5/1902-EPFrost-Ornithopter.jpg Home - E.P. Frost’s Ornithopters - Make it stand out Ornithopter prototype by E.P. Frost, built in 1902 and refined until 1904. According to Frost, the machine successfully lifted from the ground in 1904. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/pink-floyd-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2022-02-07 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/black-condor monthly 0.5 2022-09-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/7a8ebe79-6188-4ac2-bf37-d06f7ad4e839/1940-BlackCondor1.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/f4ff972c-a14d-4a51-a604-2337be2e58dd/1940-BlackCondor2.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9cf5bbbc-78da-4755-9aca-0b4b49a77e25/1940-BlackCondor3.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/5b597715-618a-4533-8bb7-7e1ba08a9a05/1940-BlackCondor4.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1f8d35c4-e884-4ff3-8c78-b2b7fd4bd210/1940-BlackCondor5.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/35c87211-fe97-43fc-9c10-3e301289692c/1940-BlackCondor6.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/039d7d45-fd21-46c5-b224-577519e0447f/1940-BlackCondor7.jpg Home - The Black Condor : The Man Who Can Fly Like A Bird - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/gustave-trouve-flugelflieger monthly 0.5 2022-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3fafdb02-6dea-4f46-b236-75deea585564/1891-GustaveTrouv%C3%A9-MechanicalBird.jpg Home - Gustave Trouvé’s Flügelflieger - Make it stand out Illustration of Gustave Trouvé’s 1891 design for an ornithopter, called the Flügelflieger. According to Trouvé it successfully flew 80 meters (262 feet). https://www.onverticality.com/blog/man-bird-skeletons monthly 0.5 2022-01-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/20690bf9-5d69-40ce-bc0e-1de43c2559a3/1897-ManBirdSkeletons.jpg Home - The Skeletons of a Man and Bird - Make it stand out Illustration from an article by Samuel P. Langley comparing the skeletons of a man and a bird. Langley was arguing that both skeletons are made from the same elements and asking whether a bird is the proper inspiration for a flying machine.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/metlife-north-building monthly 0.5 2022-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/bce510c5-3b80-4671-b30b-f9362af7352f/1928-HarveyWileyCorbett-MetLifeNorthTower.jpg Home - Best-Laid Plans : The Metropolitan Life North Building - Make it stand out Original design for the Metropolitan Life North Building, which would’ve towered over the adjacent MetLife Tower and would’ve been the tallest building in the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/14bd98ed-caf7-464b-b791-79f78c080fd2/1928-HarveyWileyCorbett-MetLifeNorthTowerResult.jpg Home - Best-Laid Plans : The Metropolitan Life North Building - Make it stand out Photo of the Metropolitan Life Buildings with the built result of the North Building, cut off mid-way up its original design. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/samuel-langley-aerodrome monthly 0.5 2022-12-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a8ccb2ed-37d2-4351-9832-1bc34229f8dd/aerodrome.jpg Home - Samuel Langley’s Aerodrome - Make it stand out Photo of a model of Samuel Langley’s Aerodrome No. 5, designed in 1901. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/6ece583e-3bcb-4762-ad33-348cdd62656e/1901-SamuelLangley-AerodromeNumber6-01.jpg Home - Samuel Langley’s Aerodrome - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/0b52c1c1-8211-44b9-8db2-05e3211891c7/1901-SamuelLangley-AerodromeNumber6-02.jpg Home - Samuel Langley’s Aerodrome - Make it stand out Two drawings on the Langley Aerodrome #6, showing it in mid-flight from below and above. Originally published in The Strand Magzine in 1897.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/2005f22c-a21c-4ce0-8f11-832b70f261f9/20120731043028langley-13.jpg Home - Samuel Langley’s Aerodrome - Make it stand out Photo of a failed flight attempt of Samuel Langley’s manned Aerodrome from 7 October 1903. The machine was twice catapulted from a houseboat on the Potomac River, and failed to fly each time. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/larkin-tower monthly 0.5 2022-01-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/91043638-cf2d-41dd-b57a-35da3a71d06d/1926-JohnandEdwardLarkin-LarkinTowerProposal.jpg Home - The Larkin Tower - Make it stand out John and Edward Larkin’s proposed tower design from 1926. It remained unbuilt and was dismissed by architecture critics as unrealistic. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/international-world-centre-tower monthly 0.5 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/fb0e87a4-382b-45ba-9aef-fd8b3952ab15/1912-ErnestH%C3%A9brard-InternationalWorldCentre.jpg Home - The Towering Centerpiece of an International World Centre - Make it stand out Illustration by Ernest Hébrard, showing the centerpiece of his proposal for an International World Centre. Hébrard decided on a monumental tower as the centerpiece to his plan, which speaks to the need for verticality in a landmark. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/bf075efd-9b52-41a6-b705-5656bedb50b8/1912-ErnestH%C3%A9brard-InternationalWorldCentre3.jpg Home - The Towering Centerpiece of an International World Centre - Make it stand out Aerial view of the proposal for an International World Centre by Ernest Hébrard, with the monumental tower shown at the right side of the main axis. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4eb887f7-1567-49f9-ae4e-d07d1a04d03b/1912-ErnestH%C3%A9brard-InternationalWorldCentre2.jpg Home - The Towering Centerpiece of an International World Centre - Make it stand out Floor plan of the central tower of the International World Centre proposal by Ernest Hébrard. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/philippe-petit-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2022-01-10 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/lenormand-parachute-attempt monthly 0.5 2022-01-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634737122717-E0X2RFF1OMKADM4O5HSV/Early_flight_02561u_%283%29.jpg Home - Sébastien Lenormand’s First Parachuting Attempt - Make it stand out Illustration of a French card from 1890 showing Sébastien Lenormand leaping from a building with his parachute in Montpellier, France. The caption reads Sébastien Lenormand Fait la 1re Expérience du Parachute, which means Sébastien Lenormand’s First Parachuting Attempt. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/skne-skyscraper monthly 0.5 2022-01-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/494415d1-74e8-47ee-bfc0-93f8df7fcf71/1920-PieroPortaluppi-NewYorkSkyscraperConcept.jpg Home - Piero Portaluppi’s SKNE Company Skyscraper - Make it stand out Watercolor perspective showing Piero Portaluppi’s conceptual New York skyscraper from 1920. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/building-site-layers monthly 0.5 2022-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/34e04bee-f7b2-4992-b5f1-6162c024a4cb/2004-MEEB-pp55-Figure3point7a.jpg Home - The Horizontal Layers of a Building Site - Make it stand out Illustration from the Tenth Edition of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, showing the horizontal layers of any given site. These align perfectly with the underground, the surface, and the sky, from the main verticality narrative. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/first-ascent-of-the-matterhorn monthly 0.5 2022-01-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627657339771-6T4V8MF4E1IV55WT7R8R/1865-GustaveDor%C3%A9-FirstAscentoftheMatterhorn.jpg Home - The First Ascent of the Matterhorn - Make it stand out Illustration by Gustave Doré showing the first successful summit of the Matterhorn in 1865. The expedition involved seven climbers and was led by British mountaineer Edward Whymper. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632858643351-GPEI2ZZFWZHKYT0J7TJK/1871-CyrusJohnson-Matterhorn.jpg Home - The First Ascent of the Matterhorn - Make it stand out Illustration by Cyrus Johnson from 1871 showing the summit pyramid of The Matterhorn. In the foreground are three mountaineers, utterly dwarfed by the massive mountain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627657368411-PPHZYUXDGEDZ7490COB7/1865-GustaveDor%C3%A9-FirstDescentoftheMatterhorn.jpg Home - The First Ascent of the Matterhorn - Make it stand out Illustration by Gustave Doré showing the fall that followed the first successful summit of the Matterhorn in 1865. After a slip on the rocks, an old rope broke, sending four climbers to their death after falling down the north face of the mountain. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/karl-jatho-biplane monthly 0.5 2021-12-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/8bd813a5-cbb4-4881-a24f-f32934706e88/1903-KarlJatho-JathoBiplane.jpg Home - The Jatho Biplane and a Challenge to the Wright Brothers - Make it stand out Photo of Karl Jatho’s Biplane, which allegedly made a powered flight in November 1903, one month before the Wright Brothers achieved the same feat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/729b00e4-384c-4bac-8c03-7988c0f8241e/1903-KarlJatho-JathoBiplane2.jpg Home - The Jatho Biplane and a Challenge to the Wright Brothers - Make it stand out Photo of Karl Jatho’s Biplane from 1907. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/marquis-multiplane monthly 0.5 2021-12-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/3d5e136d-9c17-4044-b7b5-ef601d813121/1908-Marquisd%27Ecquevilly-Multiplane.jpg Home - The Marquis Multiplane - Make it stand out Photo of Marquis d'Ecquevilly’s flying machine, called the Multiplane, from 1907. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/nims-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-12-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/notre-dame-airport monthly 0.5 2022-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633012859891-6QTZV73OT1T86VIJBCUH/1883-AlbertRobida-NoteDameAircraftStation.jpg Home - An Airport on top of Notre Dame - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows an airport built atop the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Meant to dock various airships that fill the city skies. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/peter-pan-and-the-delights-of-flying monthly 0.5 2022-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/829f7c6d-8707-4150-8881-577d2492183a/1911-FDBedford-PeterPanFlying.jpg Home - Peter Pan and the Delights of Flying - Make it stand out Illustration by F.D. Bedford from 1911, showing Peter Pan, Wendy, John, and Michael making the magical flight to Neverland. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/basilica-of-san-gaudenzio monthly 0.5 2021-12-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/6f3553c6-e7fd-453d-be90-32745986cb1e/1890-Cornaglia-BasilicaofSanGaudenzio.jpg Home - Alessandro Antonelli’s Basilica of San Gaudenzio - Make it stand out Illustration of the Basilica of San Gaudenzio from 1890, drawn by Cornaglia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/c95895cd-e7d4-4204-96cf-69e84e3780a1/reproarchistato-1.jpg Home - Alessandro Antonelli’s Basilica of San Gaudenzio - Make it stand out Cross-section of the dome and cupola for the Basilica of San Gaudenzio, drawn by Alessandro Antonelli. This was a proposal for the interior structure of the dome, which wasn’t built. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/franz-reichelt-leap monthly 0.5 2021-12-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a9dc0f90-f9b9-468e-8779-77250286ba62/1912-LePetitJournal-FranzReicheltJump.jpg Home - Franz Reichelt’s Fatal Leap from the Eiffel Tower - Make it stand out Illustration from Le Petit Journal showing Franz Reichelt’s fatal leap from the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1912. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/christopher-wren-steeples monthly 0.5 2022-02-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/028eab9b-0f9b-46ef-93bf-8ed002f826d0/1896-BanisterFletcher-EnglishRenaissance.jpg Home - Sir Christopher Wren’s Church Steeples - Make it stand out Illustrations taken from Banister Fletcher’s History of Architecture on the Comparative Method, first published in 1896. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/faaa34c2-2ce4-4d34-97f1-c91a5701ce8c/1845-CharlesKnight-WrenSteeples.jpg Home - Sir Christopher Wren’s Church Steeples - Make it stand out Illustration showing a comparison of Sir Christopher Wren’s church steeples. Drawn by Charles Knight for the book Old England: A Pictoral Museum, first published in 1845. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/prospect-park-tower monthly 0.5 2021-12-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/b3a6323a-2875-4be2-b655-512f62a00f0a/1865-CalvertVaux-ProspectParkObservationTower.png Home - A Proposal for an Observation Tower in Prospect Park - Make it stand out A proposed observation tower for Prospect Park, designed by Calvert Vaux circa 1865. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/9e705783-b315-41ab-aa16-24cdb94f7e1f/1870-VauxandOlmstead-ProspectPark.jpg Home - A Proposal for an Observation Tower in Prospect Park - Make it stand out Original design for Prospect Park by Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmstead. The planned observation tower is located just below the kink in the perimeter road at the top of the drawing. It is the small square area just above the curling turnabout. Drawing from 1870. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/richard-pearse-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-11-28 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/clipper-of-the-clouds monthly 0.5 2021-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632863506199-KJY3I4JYU6YTKLP20CFG/1887-L%C3%A9onBenett-TheClipperOfTheClouds.jpg Home - Jules Verne’s Clipper of the Clouds - Make it stand out Illustration by Léon Benett showing the Clipper of the Clouds from Jules Vernes’ novel of the same name. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864284179-G7DCSNPFS2VYVGMB1YZJ/1887-L%C3%A9onBenett-TheClipperOfTheClouds2.jpg Home - Jules Verne’s Clipper of the Clouds - Make it stand out Illustration by Léon Benett showing the Clipper of the Clouds from Jules Vernes’ novel of the same name. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864310367-YCD4SZOSPX3VKAYH79Z8/1887-L%C3%A9onBenett-TheClipperOfTheClouds3.jpg Home - Jules Verne’s Clipper of the Clouds - Make it stand out Illustration by Léon Benett showing the Clipper of the Clouds from Jules Vernes’ novel of the same name. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wilhelm-kress-drachenflieger monthly 0.5 2021-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/067e431e-5fd6-47cd-9fd6-ec8b7e8591ee/1901-WilhelmKress-Drachenflieger2.jpg Home - Wilhelm Kress’ Drachenflieger - Make it stand out Photo showing Wilhelm Kress’ experimental Drachenflieger aircraft from 1901. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/7f0a5009-bbb6-4384-b399-820e3796a015/1901-WilhelmKress-Drachenflieger3.jpg Home - Wilhelm Kress’ Drachenflieger - Make it stand out Design drawings of Wilhelm Kress’ experimental Drachenflieger aircraft from 1901. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/21d4bbc0-5be9-47eb-a531-bbc78c030115/1901-WilhelmKress-Drachenflieger1.jpg Home - Wilhelm Kress’ Drachenflieger - Make it stand out Photo showing Wilhelm Kress’ experimental Drachenflieger aircraft from 1901. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/aerial-rotating-house monthly 0.5 2021-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864681613-X6EIPSBKCWJXYSCOG59H/1883-AlbertRobida-AerialRotatingHouse.jpg Home - Albert Robida’s Aerial Rotating House - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows an aerial rotating house, built on a large turntable. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/mountains-and-glaciers monthly 0.5 2021-11-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632860521005-W583CSANNWELE8E0XIIN/1851-JamesDForbes-NygaardGlacierJustedal.jpg Home - Mountains and Glaciers - Make it stand out Illustration by James D. Forbes of the Nygaard Glacier in Norway, carving its way down a valley between two mountain ridges. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632860658590-GEK6WXBCRUPY43FWPQ3D/1851-JamesDForbes-SuphelleGlacierFjaerland.jpg Home - Mountains and Glaciers - Make it stand out Illustration by James D. Forbes of the Suphelle Glacier in Norway, emerging between two mountains and spilling out on a valley floor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1635789763223-MRDXJ9UKGY56SHIBZ6TT/1851-JamesDForbes-BondhuusGlacier.jpg Home - Mountains and Glaciers - Make it stand out Illustration by James D. Forbes of the Bondhuus Glacier in Norway, flowing down a high mountain pass and down into a valley. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/monumental-lighthouse monthly 0.5 2021-11-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/a9ab05ba-b08f-440b-acc6-cd18f621ce6a/1925-EcoledeBeauxArts-LighthouseCompetition.jpg Home - A Proposal for a Monumental Lighthouse - Make it stand out Proposal for a monumental lighthouse from a student at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1925. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alban-vallet-comte-d-artois monthly 0.5 2021-11-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/df803ee6-e64d-4769-86a2-ad187e6a3f41/1784-Alban%26Vallet-l%27A%C3%A9rostatdeJavel.jpg Home - Alban & Vallet’s Comte d’Artois - Make it stand out Illustration of Alban & Vallet’s Comte d-Artois, or The Count of Artois. It was a hydrogen-filled balloon designed at Javel, France in 1785. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864510753-PIK0P7IKK0YXI1SYC3MR/1887-AlbanAndVallet-FlyingMachine.jpg Home - Alban & Vallet’s Comte d’Artois - Make it stand out A design for a flying machine by Alban & Vallet called Comte d-Artois, or The Count of Artois. it was designed at Javelle, France in 1785. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/foolproof-way-to-direct-balloons monthly 0.5 2021-11-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634680944449-XX5OUUX420FPFLAD488J/1787-Unknown-FoolproofWaytoDirecttheBalloons.jpg Home - A Foolproof Way to Direct the Balloons - Make it stand out Illustration from 1787 called Moyen Infaillible de Diriger les Ballons, or A Foolproof Way to Direct the Balloons. It was a satirical take on ballooning at the time. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/antoine-de-saint-exupery-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-11-01 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/pinoccho-feathered-steed monthly 0.5 2022-03-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632865653605-EVIGSUKWB4NELBSQKUPF/1902-CarloChiostri-LeAvventureDiPinocchio.jpg Home - Pinocchio’s Feathered Steed - Make it stand out Illustration by Carlo Chiostri from 1902, showing Pinocchio flying high above a town on a bird’s back. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633465284438-43ETN2ARPMS986NOQJOU/1883-EnricoMazzanti-LeAdventureDiPinocchio.png Home - Pinocchio’s Feathered Steed - Make it stand out Illustration by Enrico Mazzanti from 1883, showing Pinocchio flying high above a town on a bird’s back. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/richard-pearse-monoplane monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/ca628bcd-b299-4cf3-8022-52ae4790f6fa/1903-RichardPearse-Monoplane.jpg Home - Richard Pearse and a Claim to the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Photo of Richard Pearse’s Monoplane design from 1902-1903. He allegedly made a successful flight with this design on 31 March 1903, nine months before the Wright Brothers achieved the same feat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/846e6a22-3603-4bf1-b7b4-f4f559e47575/1903-RichardPearse-MonoplanePatent.jpg Home - Richard Pearse and a Claim to the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Patent drawing for Richard Pearse’s Monoplane from 1902, as New Zealand patent number #21476. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/albert-robida-paris-at-night monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864994721-ZX9493CODV1NV7YGI7N4/1883-AlbertRobida-ParisByNight.jpg Home - Albert Robida’s Vision for Paris - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows a view of Paris at night, with a sky full of various flying machines. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/svaneti-towers monthly 0.5 2021-10-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633027899456-G7KHUKJ0G9DR398Q28ZI/1881-Laurens-SvanetiTowers.jpg Home - The Towers of Svaneti - Make it stand out Illustration of the Svaneti towers, drawn by French illustrator Laurens for the 1881 edition of Le Tour du Monde. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634750460695-O25ZUDP4N3XDXVU1QOZ4/2012-Unknown-SvanetiFortifiedTowers.jpg Home - The Towers of Svaneti - Make it stand out Drawings of a typical Svan tower, showing the interior spaces and wall thicknesses. Drawn as part of an ICOMOS Georgia Study funded by Getty Grants Foundation. Original image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634755700192-1OJU3UT3ZHBB6CA4IX27/2012-Unknown-SvanetiFortifiedTowers2.jpg Home - The Towers of Svaneti - Make it stand out Drawings of a typical Svan house with two towers. Drawn as part of an ICOMOS Georgia Study funded by Getty Grants Foundation. Original image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/grenelle-artesian-well monthly 0.5 2021-10-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632864901729-QV3IN8H1X7FTA2PFOSW8/1870-PBroux-GrenelleArtesianWell.jpg Home - The Grenelle Artesian Well of Paris - Make it stand out Illustration from 1873 of the Grenelle Artesian Well in Paris, drawn by P. Broux. The well acted as a fountain, and at its peak 660 gallons a minute would flow from it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634657095557-XPIABQFLMKQEPGGE7SB1/1870-LGuiguet-BoringtheGrenelleWell.jpg Home - The Grenelle Artesian Well of Paris - Make it stand out Illustration by L. Guiguet showing the drilling process of the Grenelle Well in Paris. A group of horses drive a drilling mechanism that is lowered deep into the earth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634658656649-9WMSF4T5844TNG2KUQAP/1860-Unknown-GrenelleWell.png Home - The Grenelle Artesian Well of Paris - Make it stand out Illustration from 1860 showing the Grenelle Well functioning as a fountain. Original artist is unknown. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/utopian-flying-machines monthly 0.5 2022-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634675665400-S936Z4AMX9I4RREKIAOT/1890-TheDreamofFlight-02-UtopiaofAerialNavigation.jpg Home - Utopian Flying Machines of the Previous Centuries - Make it stand out Illustration of a French card from 1890 showing famous examples of flying machines from the nineteenth century. The caption reads Les Utopies de la Navigation Aérienne au Siècle Dernier, which means Utopian Flying Machines of the Previous Centuries. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/francis-younghusband-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-10-19 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wright-flyer monthly 0.5 2022-12-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625767044564-PR7FCXQXKB5BLI1S0TJM/1903-FirstFlightOfWrightFlyer.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Photo showing the first successful flight of the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903 outside Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville Wright is piloting the craft while Wilbur Wright runs alongside it. This marked the world’s first sustained flight by a manned, heavier-than-air craft under its own power. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634137097419-BX2MGVQFRBZUA3AH4VZR/1900-WrightBrothers-GliderKiteFlight.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out The Wright Brothers’ first glider design from 1900. This craft was capable of sustained flight when flown like a kite. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634066684332-G2ID6TVFGY5EKFXKSN2T/1901-WrightBrothers-GliderKiteFlight.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out The Wright Brothers flying their 1901 glider as a kite. Wilbur is on the left and Orville is on the right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634066109568-62LIBJ6CSWL8ZZQXFYQP/1902-WrightBrothers-WrightGliderFlight.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Wilbur Wright piloting the Wright Brothers’ 1902 glider. This was the Wright Brothers’ first glider design capable of carrying a person. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625767061012-TU5M0O700I6OFAN53CAY/1903-WrightBrothers-Patent.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out The Wright Brothers’ famous patent for their three-axis control system and their 1902 glider design. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634136153571-A13H9IWAIVVAX7E4LBVJ/1904-WrightBrothers-WrightFlyerII.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Photo of the Orville Wright piloting the Wright Flyer II aircraft on November 16, 1904. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1634136456481-SR2RUVAMVA3DDD8EFE7P/1905-WrightBrothers-WrightFlyerIII.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Photo of the two-seat Wright Flyer III, which was a modified version of the Wright Flyer II from 1905. The brothers tested this craft at Kitty Hawk in 1908. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625767330206-V3QLHH42W11VTZ86U3WZ/1909-WrightBrothersFlyer.jpg Home - The Wright Flyer and the World’s First Powered Flight - Make it stand out Photo of Orville Wright with the Wright Model A airplane at the Tempelhof Field in Berlin in September 1909. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/vertical-townscape monthly 0.5 2021-10-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632861395998-Q2CZSKCKDITCQ29D9VJE/1880-Unknown-OldCanalInBruges.jpg Home - The Vertical Townscape - Make it stand out Illustration from 1880 of a canal in Bruges, Belgium surrounded by Renaissance buildings, all of which pointing up to the sky. The entire townscape seems to point upwards, gesturing to the sky. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/flying-advertising-machine monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632861227308-L9YZXN7TOX434HWQVKSL/1883-AlbertRobida-FlyingAdvertisingMachine.jpg Home - Albert Robida’s Flying Advertising Machines - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows a fictional flying machine meant to advertise mustard. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/evreux-belfry monthly 0.5 2021-10-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633011043530-D82IR7SYGINMMLFAP532/1825-RichardPBonington-%C3%89vreuxClockTower.jpg Home - The Évreux Belfry - Make it stand out Illustration by Richard P. Bonington from 1825 showing a medieval street in Évreux, France. The focus is the town belfry, built in 1491, which dominates the townscape with it’s height and ornament. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/flight-of-geryon monthly 0.5 2021-10-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632861738402-GNP10MOF2GB2FMG4TFAQ/1867-GustaveDor%C3%A9-DanteInfernoFlight.jpg Home - The Flight of Geryon - Make it stand out Illustration by Gustave Doré from 1867, showing a scene from Dante’s Inferno where Dante and Virgil ride on the back of the monster Geryon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633019815456-US5FZGOK96PUD4PJT8LK/1870-YanDargent-FlightOfGeryon.jpg Home - The Flight of Geryon - Make it stand out Illustration of the flight of Geryon by Yan Dargent in 1870. Dargent took a different tone than Doré, showing Dante and Virgil safely standing on Geryon’s back. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1633698787164-Y6E4HADT38OYKQGF798C/1821-JosephAntonKoch-DanteandVirgilRidingontheBackofGeryon.jpg Home - The Flight of Geryon - Make it stand out Sketch of Dante and Virgil’s flight on Geryon, drawn in 1821 by Joseph Anton Koch. Koch shows the pair flying above a group of sinners below. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/octave-chanute monthly 0.5 2021-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1631897380815-UN6STP1W6P0YMHP3VG41/1896-OctaveChanute-KatydidGlider.jpg Home - Octave Chanute’s Glider Designs - Make it stand out One of Octave Chanute’s glider designs, called the Katydid and designed in 1896. It featured 12 wings and was tested out on Miller Beach, Indiana. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632888202280-6NPBB2OC6COLPVURL3U7/1897-OctaveChanute-Biplane.jpg Home - Octave Chanute’s Glider Designs - Make it stand out A bi-winged glider design by Octave Chanute from 1896. This design introduced a strut system meant to strengthen the wings, and it would serve as inspiration for the Wright Brothers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1631899211781-6PQUT5QD5ENMGTUF3EMM/1897-OctaveChanute-GliderPatent.jpg Home - Octave Chanute’s Glider Designs - Make it stand out Patent drawing from Octave Chanute’s 1897 design for a glider. Called Soaring Machine, the design is siilar to Otto Lilienthal’s glider designs. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eighteen-story-house monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632860984138-5VLK2I6DJY2BW0KCC14M/1883AlbertRobida-EighteenStoryHouse.jpg Home - Albert Robida’s Eighteen-Story House - Make it stand out Illustration from Albert Robida’s science fiction novel Le Vingtième Siècle, or The Twentieth Century, from 1883. Robida shows an eighteen-story house with various domestic scenes throughout the building and myriad residents communicating to each other. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/seattle-space-needle monthly 0.5 2022-02-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632681059362-HKLOJL3AI2NEL50I1VXS/1960-JohnGraham-SpaceNeedleElevation.jpg Home - The Seattle Space Needle and Uninterrupted Verticality - Make it stand out Section of an early design for the Seattle Space Needle. Drawn by the architect John Graham, the top house is less sculptural than the final version, but the iconic curves of the tower supports are much closer to the built design. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632680113375-77EDLQEB9VFM00HU28HH/Cutaway-JohnGraham%26Company-SeattleSpaceNeedle-1961.jpg Home - The Seattle Space Needle and Uninterrupted Verticality - Make it stand out Cutaway drawing of the original design for the Seattle Space Needle. Original drawing from the office of the architect, John Graham, and the illustrator’s name was Seymour. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/george-mallory-quote-3 monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-tree-and-the-skyscraper monthly 0.5 2022-10-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626208434253-9H973Q4DYY21W11FF6TB/Cutaway-FrankLloydWright-SCJohnsonResearchTower-1939.jpg Home - The Tree and the Skyscraper - Make it stand out Cutaway drawing of Frank Lloyd Wright’s S.C. Johnson Research Tower from 1939, showing the building’s structure which was based on a tree. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632160786788-V1VFXKWJKQHGN5J7NAUS/Section-FrankLloydWright-JohnsonWaxHeadquarters-1939.jpg Home - The Tree and the Skyscraper - Make it stand out Section drawing of Frank Lloyd Wright’s S.C. Johnson Research Tower from 1939, showing the building’s structure which was based on a tree. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/winstanley-lighthouse monthly 0.5 2025-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1631655183012-SEJWIAT35S2QW29VRLPE/1698-Winstanley%27sLighthouse-02.jpg Home - Winstanley's Eddystone Lighthouse - Make it stand out Illustration of Winstanley’s Lighthouse, which was the first lighthouse on the Eddystone Rocks in Cornwall, England. This was the first recorded instance of an offshore lighthouse in the world. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/woolworth-and-ornament monthly 0.5 2021-09-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612203065559-SOD6SIRYSRH4YHNADSKA/1912-CassGilbert-WoolworthCrown.jpg Home - The Woolworth Building and the Question of Ornament Elevation and section of the Woolworth Building’s crown, showing the ornament and detailing throughout. Drawing by Cass Gilbert. Originally published in a 1913 issue of The American Architect.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/gunter-dyhrenfurth-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-08-28 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/early-history-of-the-parachute monthly 0.5 2023-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626733002685-J6SU17KVF9J65YAOCVUH/1470s-Unknown-Parachutes.jpg Home - How to Fall : An Early History of the Parachute - Make it stand out A pair of sketches, originally published in an anonymous manuscript from Italy in the 1470s, showing two early ideas for parachutes. On the left is a design consisting of two large ribbons of fabric, attached to the pilots waist. On the right is a design consisting of a conical parachute with a cross frame, also attached to the pilot’s waist. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626365276761-KLT31FAZ1FLFKO3OAWRV/1485-daVinci-Parachute.jpg Home - How to Fall : An Early History of the Parachute - Make it stand out A sketch by Leonardo da Vinci, circa 1485, from his Codex Atlanticus showing a rough design for a parachute. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614789560787-OQ62KJ1U28OYXYAP46GH/1615-FaustoVeranzio-HomoVolansParachute.jpg Home - How to Fall : An Early History of the Parachute Illustration from Machinae Novae, written around 1615 by Fausto Veranzio. The work included mechanical and technical innovations and inventions, including this design for a parachute, titled Homo Volans, or Flying Man. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1629927154976-GNHKV06TWI959T42MUIM/1783-Louis-S%C3%A9bastienLenormand-Parachute.jpg Home - How to Fall : An Early History of the Parachute - Make it stand out Illustration of Louis-Sébastien Lenormand’s 1783 design of a parachute. He is credited with the first-ever witnessed descent when he jumped from the Montpellier Observatory on 28 December 1783 and landed unharmed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614790694736-2T0CSM6OJ0EI9TEHDTY4/1797-Andr%C3%A9JacquesGarnerin-ParachuteDesign.jpg Home - How to Fall : An Early History of the Parachute - Make it stand out Illustration of André-Jacques Garnerin’s frameless parachute design. The design was made of silk, and it made the world’s first frameless parachute descent on 22 October 1797 in Paris. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/what-goes-up-must-come-down monthly 0.5 2021-08-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1629679633213-GUOQLTVRMIHT0E0HJXQ7/1862-VincentBrooksDay%26Son-BalloonFlightDiagram.jpg Home - What Goes Up, Must Come Down - Make it stand out Diagram of James Glaisher’s balloon flight from Wolverhampton to Solihull in England on 18 August 1862. Illustration drawn by Vincent Brooks, Day & Son. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/markus-pernhart-grossglockner monthly 0.5 2021-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627936895414-RAIR1UW7FQW1PXR9LTLR/1871-MarkusPernhart-TheGrossglockner.jpg Home - Markus Pernhart’s Großglockner Paintings - Make it stand out 1871 painting by Markus Pernhart titled Großglockner, which is the highest mountain in Austria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627937102595-XI5AH6UD2SZLJD1366JU/1871-MarkusPernhart-TheGrossglockner2.jpg Home - Markus Pernhart’s Großglockner Paintings - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628172608174-Q1FLEFKN4WYKX5ZXX0ZS/1850-MarkusPernhart-Grossglockner.png Home - Markus Pernhart’s Großglockner Paintings - Make it stand out 1850 painting by Markus Pernhart titled Der Großglockner, which is the highest mountain in Austria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628171290922-WIKEX2AFGMOPOD38XJ1P/1857-MarkusPernhart-Grossglockner.jpg Home - Markus Pernhart’s Großglockner Paintings - Make it stand out 1857 painting by Markus Pernhart titled Großglockner von Hohenwartscharte, or Großglockner as seen from the Hohenwartscharte, which is the highest mountain in Austria. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/george-mallory-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2021-12-16 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/woolworth-above-the-clouds monthly 0.5 2021-08-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628017797483-V00ZZRIITJXGXF5RS7FB/1928-WoolworthBuildingTowerAboveClouds.jpg Home - The Woolworth Building Tower Above the Clouds - Make it stand out Photograph showing the Woolworth Building poking up above the clouds, showcasing it’s height relative to its surroundings. Taken by Fairchild Aerial Surveys in 1928. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/bipedalism-and-the-skyscraper monthly 0.5 2021-10-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626206857619-YXQXVMUO6W2L0IW8L2XE/2003-JamesWines-AntiliaTowerDiagram.jpg Home - Bipedalism and The Skyscraper - Make it stand out Concept sketch by James Wines of SITE, for his Antilia Tower project. The diagram tries to apply the verticality of the human body to the verticality of the skyscraper. Image ©️ James Wines, SITE. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628093958201-AG8XT1SSU3A2RBBKHAYA/BanisterFletcher-ColumnComparisons.jpg Home - Bipedalism and The Skyscraper - Make it stand out Comparison between an ancient menhir, a Greek Caryatid (a column shaped like a human), and a Greek Column. Illustrations taken from Banister Fletcher’s History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eiffel-tower-apartment monthly 0.5 2022-10-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628018529910-BDC246180GZHIEG0FG2T/eiffel-tower-apartment-2-scaled.jpg Home - The Secret Apartment at the Top of the Eiffel Tower Illustration from 1889 of the Eiffel Tower’s summit. Originally drawn by M. Rouillard, an engineer that worked with Eiffel on the project. The main observation deck is shown full of visitors, while the level directly above was reserved for a private apartment for Eiffel himself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628018793757-810MOXO8CB6S8ZQRNTY3/1889-EiffelTowerApartment.jpg Home - The Secret Apartment at the Top of the Eiffel Tower - Make it stand out Historic photograph of Gustave Eiffel’s private apartment atop the Eiffel Tower. The apartment was located directly above the main observation deck, and it was originally kept a secret. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1628019801119-L2H5QV1XCTLER14MDSSX/1889-EiffelTowerApartmentPlan.jpg Home - The Secret Apartment at the Top of the Eiffel Tower - Make it stand out Floor plan showing Gustave Eiffel’s private apartment atop the Eiffel Tower. The apartment was located directly above the public observation deck, and was surrounded by an outdoor balcony. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jean-mathieu-balloon monthly 0.5 2021-08-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614870274959-5HY7CPRQAZKRHN282GLS/1784-JeanMathieu-BalloonDesign.jpg Home - Jean Mathieu’s Aerostatic Balloon Jean Mathieu’s 1784 design for a finned balloon, titled Nouvelle Forme de Globe Aërostatique. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/satan-overlooking-paradise-dore monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625769748035-0PXH7GC6YDI2PO3SWQWS/1866-GustaveDore-ParadiseLost-SatanOverlookingParadise.jpg Home - Satan Overlooking Paradise by Gustave Doré - Make it stand out Satan Overlooking Paradise by Gustave Doré for John Milton’s epic 1667 poem Paradise Lost. Illustrated in 1866. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/earning-the-summit monthly 0.5 2023-07-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402282259-09LJAPXG9B2C3TZ93TGZ/IMG_0330.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402305803-C3XFCKWF8D742XFDLQ1S/IMG_0237.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402320951-WHZW0NMARV928BJ5DHMG/IMG_0255.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402338384-4GSXMC3OZIJWI70U4J0C/IMG_0268.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402365899-NHFHAS7E03Y52HSRRMOH/IMG_0276.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627402389120-T97H1IZQ8XY5NPUF64SX/IMG_0284.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Earning the Summit - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/george-mallory-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2022-03-09 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/a-mountain-of-mountains monthly 0.5 2021-07-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627392082396-1NWF350TUG7E2MAOZ7CZ/1832-JohnDower-MountainDiagram.jpg Home - A Mountain of Mountains - Make it stand out 1832 Illustration by John Dower that shows the tallest mountains in the world, arranged into a mountain and divided by location. The Illustration is titled A View of the Comparative Lengths of the Principal Rivers, and Heights of the Principal Mountains in the World. Original image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1627478462243-6AYO4I4BBTOCHAFBFN2F/1832-JohnDower-MountainDiagram-piece.jpg Home - A Mountain of Mountains - Make it stand out Detail of the above illustration, showing the top peaks in the world. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/monument-to-early-aerial-navigators monthly 0.5 2021-07-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626712174334-IYBMTZGZB7QRSFDWBS9G/1922-Anonymous-MonumentToEarlyAeronauts.jpg Home - A Monument to the Glory of the First Aerial Navigators - Make it stand out An engraving by an anonymous author, showing a proposal for Projet d'un monument à la gloire des premiers navigateurs aériens, or A Project for a Monument to the Glory of the First Aerial Navigators, to be built in the Tuileries Garden in Paris. The original date is unknown, but it was published in in the book L’Aeronautique des origines a 1922. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/la-belle-alphonsine monthly 0.5 2021-07-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614787067977-0SZ8LVIO8E1K9OQLVI7W/1884-EFlor%C3%A9s-LaBelleAlphonsine.jpg Home - La Belle Alphonsine by E. Florés Front page illustration from a French newspaper in September 1884, drawn by E. Florés and called La Belle Alphonsine, showing a fictional dirigible with the balloon formed by a woman’s skirt. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/lenny-kravitz-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-07-21 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tessiore-balloon-vulture monthly 0.5 2021-07-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626705684417-Q0XP101ADMZ2ZO0F4402/1845-Tessiore-BalloonPulledByVulture.jpg Home - Tessiore’s Balloon Project Towed by a Tame Vulture Illustration from 1845 showing a Project for a Balloon Towed by a Tame Vulture, by an author called Vitalis. It was re-published in 1922 in the book L’Aeronautique des origines a 1922. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/w-f-quinby-flying-machines monthly 0.5 2021-07-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626125237543-LMLHEZ98A1Y1UEBLCKGO/1869-WFQuinby-Patent-95513.jpg Home - W.F. Quinby and his Three Flying Machine Patents - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626125216027-Q1SVZJSSRI07APK90ZXY/1872-WFQuinby-Patent-132022-1.jpg Home - W.F. Quinby and his Three Flying Machine Patents - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626125261232-N2OF0B0RG6BEP0A5P0PC/1872-WFQuinby-Patent-132022-2.jpg Home - W.F. Quinby and his Three Flying Machine Patents - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626125281001-ZNS596VTJVNP28UD5XW2/1872-WFQuinby-Patent-132022-3.jpg Home - W.F. Quinby and his Three Flying Machine Patents - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626125297635-CRCUXW0CJ9REBP06365Z/1867-WFQuinby-Patent-68789.jpg Home - W.F. Quinby and his Three Flying Machine Patents - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/nadar-and-the-aerial-perspective monthly 0.5 2021-07-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612277216135-413ARB4NLT28ZZN1PVGM/1867-Andr%C3%A9Gill-NadarCartoon.jpg Home - Nadar and the Aerial Perspective Cartoon from the 2 June 1867 issue of La Lune, featuring a caricature of Nadar dangling high in the air from a balloon. Originally drawn by André Gill. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1626015971944-3S662HSV2DPRJQ864UNA/1858-Nadar-FirstAerialPhotoOfParis.jpg Home - Nadar and the Aerial Perspective - Make it stand out Nadar’s first aerial photograph, taken in 1858 above the city of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1620074816049-H8P60Y6JUCTQAO7Z92C2/1863-Honor%C3%A9Daumier-Nadar%C3%A9levantlaPhotographie%C3%A0lahauteurdel%27Art-Lithograph+by+Honor%C3%A9+Daumier-LeBoulevard.jpg Home - Nadar and the Aerial Perspective Lithograph from the 25 May 1863 issue of Le Boulevard by Honoré Daumier, titled Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art, or Nadar Elevating Photography to Art. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dante-quote-3 monthly 0.5 2021-07-13 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wright-brothers-patent monthly 0.5 2021-07-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625763523645-Z9TMJPJAN332OKPMZC84/1906-WrightBrothers-Patent.jpg Home - The Wright Brothers’ Flying Machine Patent - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/turris-babel monthly 0.5 2021-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612036297035-P37I0NXFKS3OHV437ADJ/1679-TurrisBabel.jpg Home - Athanasius Kircher’s Turris Babel Etching of Athanasius Kircher’s Tower of Babel, from his 1679 work Turris Babel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625755284250-D0H4CPGQNX6PWMQZRTFR/1679-TurrisBabel-Diagram.jpg Home - Athanasius Kircher’s Turris Babel - Make it stand out Diagram from Athanasius Kircher’s 1679 work Turris Babel, showing the sheer scale of the tower in order for it to reach the moon. Kircher believed the distance to the moon was 25 earth diameters. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-flying-carpet monthly 0.5 2022-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612651249635-B434YQT2LTYSY7SVYE2X/1880-ViktorVasnetsov-TheFlyingCarpet.jpg Home - Flying Carpets and the Power of Flight 1880 painting by Viktor Vasnetsov, titled The Flying Carpet and showing Ivan Tsarevich on his flying carpet, high above the ground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1632858908195-NMC0ET37083T4QCHH1CN/1865-ArthurBHoughton-CarpetofGold.jpg Home - Flying Carpets and the Power of Flight - Make it stand out Illustration by Arthur B. Houghton showing King Solomon on his flying carpet, being shielded from the sun by a flock of birds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1625668211036-G2ZOQMR8BHD9ONZTTCM8/ArabianNights-FlyingCarpet.jpg Home - Flying Carpets and the Power of Flight - Make it stand out Painting from an edition of the Arabian Nights, showing Prince Hussain flying high above the city with his flying carpet. Original source unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612651943238-99SNPU85JIWGPXPCAMA4/d9126364c0ec9a19b17df35c7c7e329c.jpg Home - Flying Carpets and the Power of Flight Viktor Vasnetsov’s 1926 painting, titled Flying Carpet, showing a man and woman on a flying carpet. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/john-muir-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-07-20 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/isolation-of-flight monthly 0.5 2021-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614352054178-H5A1O4CK3QPS20V8G1SY/1884-AlbertandGastonTissandier-DirigibleFlight.jpg Home - The Isolation of Flight Illustration of an 1884 flight by Albert and Gaston Tissandier with their dirigible design. It was the first flying machine to incorporate electric power, and it made a successful flight over Paris on 26 September 1884. Drawn by Albert Tissandier. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/bipedal-apes monthly 0.5 2022-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1620233846422-KT3AC0IKJVTP611Q1XRH/UnknownDate-AComparisonOfApesAndMan.jpg Home - A Comparison of Apes and Man An illustration comparing the human body to our closest relatives, the apes, titled A Comparison of Apes and Man. It originally appeared in the 1962 book Evolution of the Life Nature Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1620236554781-JKNACJESVUNNWUDO405G/PeterPoulton-HumanGorillaComparison.jpg Home - A Comparison of Apes and Man Illustration by Peter Poulton showing the size comparison between the human body and the gorilla body. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/en-l-an-2000 monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975732158-L6EL6M3U2Z2YY8P7JWFW/1900-EnL%27an2000-AerialFireman.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Aerial Fireman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975713271-KRV5Y7D5T8F7C1XSY6FO/1900-EnL%27an2000-InPursuitOfASmuggler.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 In Pursuit of a Smuggler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975807653-LFT6GEQ3Q05TS5D6KEI3/1900-EnL%27an2000-AviationPolice.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Aviation Police https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975765266-RSZ93WGRTY5KXO4BCH0O/1900-EnL%27an2000-TheRuralPostman.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 The Rural Postman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975779684-A46FL0352T2V4IOX6V8T/1900-EnL%27an2000-TheLittleEagleNestRobbers.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 The Little Eagle Nest Robbers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1620068805422-VH6GZR2RR53GTAZSHYKM/1900-EnL%27an2000-HuntingByAir.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Hunting By Air https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1620068599540-OTNZU6N9QU6BD89W0P9W/1900-EnL%27an2000-LawnTennis.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Lawn Tennis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975854389-RHNWMACRHAZNIRTKURC9/1900-EnL%27an2000-AdvanceSentinelInAHelicopter.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Advance Sentinel in a Helicopter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975865676-YPOG2XYB0BNKLRBFGW5B/1900-EnL%27an2000-Aero-CabStation.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 Aero-Cab Station https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975880112-2ZNA6BKCMPMM3G3J6DXL/1900-EnL%27an2000-TheStirrupCup.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 The Stirrup Cup https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619975900346-R3YNX7ACI2KCGVQFN6R6/1900-EnL%27an2000-ATorpedoPlane.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 A Torpedo Plane https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619976402472-OWHSNL73D876V2CUFA5R/1900-EnL%27an2000-Matrix1.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619976416590-MQGMI1Z5DECVCS7KKN5Q/1900-EnL%27an2000-Matrix2.jpg Home - En L’An 2000 : In The Year 2000 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/frank-lloyd-wright-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-05-03 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/burattini-dragon monthly 0.5 2021-06-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1613079514530-9R4Z1HHF733WYGJ51YP3/1647-TitoLivioBurattini-DragonVolant.jpg Home - Tito Livio Burattini’s Flying Dragon Sketch of Tito Livio Burattini’s Dragon Volant, or Flying Dragon. The design was meant to fly with four flapping wings (B) to provide lift, and three other pairs of wings (A, C, D) to control the flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619722440638-3V6R2RBXB5492QX4W6DA/1647-TitoLivioBurattini-DragonVolent.jpg Home - Tito Livio Burattini’s Flying Dragon Original, less-detailed sketch of Tito Livio Burattini’s Dragon Volant, or Flying Dragon. Originally appeared in Burattini’s treatise Ars Volanti from 1647. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/flat-topped-sears monthly 0.5 2021-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619616928424-8K833B21QU0QVUA0DNET/Cutaway-SOM-SearsTower-1974.jpg Home - The Original Flat-topped Sears Tower A page from The Sears Tower Almanac, showing a cutaway illustration of the skyscraper without it’s iconic antennae. The text explains some key facts related to the building’s structure and architecture, as well as the architect’s vision for the base of the building. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1619623132574-D6T60NN9OKF86C0NVQFS/image-asset.jpeg Home - The Original Flat-topped Sears Tower Photo of the Sears Tower shortly after completion, showing the original, stubby version of the antennae. Photo ©️ Ezra Stoller. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tower-of-babel monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612052430857-IK5BSCDZKLK3UZ2VEYNA/1563-PieterBruegeltheElder-TheGreatTowerofBabel.jpg Home - The Tower of Babel : A Parable of Verticality 1563 painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, titled The Great Tower of Babel. Bruegel shows the tower during construction, with a solid form and a gently spiralling ramp along the outer edge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612049306750-AAY603PF9SVIKU4F5T87/1594-LucasVanValckenborch-TowerOfBabel.jpeg Home - The Tower of Babel : A Parable of Verticality Lucas van Valckenborch’s 1594 painting Tower of Babel, showing the tower as a ziggurat-like structure, with concentric flat terraces. The tower is shown in the midst of construction, with the upper levels incomplete. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612050659695-QJ0F5QBM5V53EYGM6NV4/1866-GustaveDore-TowerofBabel.jpg Home - The Tower of Babel : A Parable of Verticality 1866 engraving by Gustave Doré, titled The Confusion of Tongues showing the Tower of Babel in the background. This illustration was part of a series of engravings for the Bible, and Doré’s version for the tower is a simple, solid form with a spiraling ramp along the outside, which provides setbacks as the tower rises. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612049152640-QGMQEMMTENU5AM2YBUVM/1679-TurrisBabel-TowerOfBabel.jpg Home - The Tower of Babel : A Parable of Verticality A 1679 illustration of the Tower of Babel, from Athanasius Kircher’s book Turris Babel. The tower is shown with Roman arches throughout, and a double-spiral ramp that runs between flat terraces. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/giovanni-alfonso-borelli-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-03-08 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tribune-tower-crowns monthly 0.5 2022-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612200673622-U203E7KIS7OFSESSLMJ2/1922-RaymondHood-TribuneTowerVariants.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : Chicago Tribune Tower Alternate sketches for the Tribune Tower in Chicago, after the newspaper asked the architect to study ideas for a taller design. Originally from a 1922 issue of the Chicago Daily Tribune.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/pierre-ferrand-airship monthly 0.5 2021-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614354562466-3MV4TULFUIL2P2KGUB24/1835-PierreFerrand-AirshipDesign.jpg Home - Pierre Ferrand’s Corkscrew Airship https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614523900058-X9AWB7QY5U2B6WBTSM6I/1835-PierreFerrand-AirshipDesigndetail.jpg Home - Pierre Ferrand’s Corkscrew Airship https://www.onverticality.com/blog/zeus-poseidon-hades monthly 0.5 2022-06-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614175160701-ZWOA6233GXH6PV29G6TT/ZeusPoseidonandHades.jpg Home - Zeus, Poseidon and Hades : The Verticality of the Greek Gods From left to right : the Greek gods Zeus, Poseidon and Hades. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1614211824856-Z4BKXKIB875NYC8IM5IN/GreekGods.jpg Home - Zeus, Poseidon and Hades : The Verticality of the Greek Gods Illustration showing the Ancient Greeks’ main gods, including Zeus, Poseidon and Hades. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dante-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2022-03-11 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/nyc-zoning-envelopes monthly 0.5 2023-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610728366984-OM3G952JDTFOP4L29GR2/1922-HughFerris-NewYorkZoningMassings-1-2.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610728388086-ZV5AFFE6POW9N74AFM37/1922-HughFerris-NewYorkZoningMassings-3-4.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Set of renderings showing the impacts of the 1916 Zoning Resolution on New York Skyscrapers. Drawn by Hugh Ferriss in 1929, the diagrams begin with an abstraction of the setback lines established by the code, and progressively cutaway to reveal the setback-and-tower schemes so common in the city today. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581968290878-H6OD0GP3LKG6ZLGK7ULS/1915-EquitableBuildingPostcard.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Postcard showing the 1915 Equitable Building in Manhattan’s Financial District. The bulk of the building caused a public backlash due to the shadows it cast on neighboring buildings and streets. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1613144663828-DPAM7YIIH5Q7H2NMLLTG/1916-NYCZoningResolutionSetbackDiagrams.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Series of diagrams from the 1916 Zoning Resolution of New York, showing street sections and the resulting setback requirements of the new code. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610728758402-9BVRSSKS1S655WXDAXBY/1916-NYCZoningLaws-EquitableBuildingvsNewEnvelope.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Diagram showing the impact of the 1916 Zoning Resolution in New York. The zoning laws changed to require buildings to set back from their lot lines as they grew taller, resulting in large, bulky bases and slender towers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1613158391282-3N92V86J90HQ7B1UTPFT/1930-JLKingston-StudyOfEconomicHeightForOfficeBuildings+%281%29.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Study of Economic Height for Office Buildings by J.L. Kingston, drawn in 1930. The diagram shows a set of massings, based on height, that conform to the 1916 Zoning Resolution for New York City. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581537543502-ERNMPP8S0GXNNHMRAE2M/1931-ChryslerAndEmpireStatePostcards.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1613147601455-77VJ4K8J2RBDFFGMX412/1931-EmpireStateBuilding-Zoning2.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1613148952276-57Q6HUEYCBM1RM31OVJH/1931-EmpireStateBuilding-Zoning+%281%29.jpg Home - Zoning Envelopes and the New York Skyscraper Diagrams of the Empire State Building that show its massing and how it conforms to the 1916 Zoning Resolution. These zoning laws would come to define the New York Skyscraper, and Empire State was one of the best examples of it. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/gustave-eiffel-and-his-tower monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612124740966-MF1MGJNR5FAZW9B7ELUZ/1889-LeCentral-EiffelAndHisTower.jpg Home - By the size of the work, we measure the size of man Caricature of Gustave Eiffel, standing between his tower and the Great Pyramid. The pyramid has an inscription on it which reads A la grandeur de l'oeuvre on mesure la grandeur de l'homme, or By the size of the work we measure the size of man. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/unpretentious-philosopher monthly 0.5 2021-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612919802100-XYLHH6Z3TIITKMX4QSXP/0089100022.jpg Home - The Unpretentious Philosopher Cover illustration from Louis Guillaume de La Follie’s La philosophe sans Pretention, or The Unpretentious Philosopher, from 1775. The book tells the story of a man from Mercury who travels to Earth using a flying machine powered by static electricity. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/william-langewiesche-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-02-20 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/empire-state-mooring-mast monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610936537249-VD1U2BR18RT7IUM9I5XQ/Empire_State_Building_Mooring_Mast_412_426.jpg Home - The Empire State Building’s Mooring Mast Illustration showing a cutaway of the Empire State Building’s original crown, which featured a mooring mast for dirigibles. Illustration originally appeared in the May 1931 issue of Popular Mechanics.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1611171516247-YDBNWKAJXKOYMYCVPBEW/1931-EmpireStateBuildingMooringMastElevation.jpg Home - The Empire State Building’s Mooring Mast Elevation of the Empire State Building’s crown, without the mooring mast. The design is similar, just without the reinforcing and mooring tip. Drawing by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612892554878-QDLWSBVLM0ISTVWPKGOZ/1931-EmpireStatePostcard-Zeppelin.jpg Home - The Empire State Building’s Mooring Mast Postcard showing a zeppelin moored to the top of the Empire State Building. The mooring mast idea was abandoned, but the spire was still built and can still be seen today. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/frank-lloyd-wright-mile-high-skyscraper monthly 0.5 2024-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609599505893-FRV21KJMRBY89P12FCA6/960_epiteszforum-lakotornyok-chicago-varosepiteszete-02--benko-melinda-sorozata-3-230-2020-07-07-212257.jpeg Home - Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mile High Skyscraper Proposal Main perspective rendering and project description for Frank Lloyd Wright’s Illinois skyscraper proposal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609599710678-7QTS6WYY6D8BFGQMX3M9/1957-FrankLloydWright-Illinois-2.jpg Home - Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mile High Skyscraper Proposal Concept sketch of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Illinois skyscraper proposal. Wright shows the main silhouette of the tower, along with height comparisons of other famous tall buildings throughout history. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609599728611-KKSSZGVNUDKJD9UC37SO/1957-FrankLloydWright-Illinois-3.jpg Home - Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mile High Skyscraper Proposal Floor plan illustration of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Illinois skyscraper. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609599746475-4PU6MYEOFMLGK3OXHJEF/1957-FrankLloydWright-Illinois-4.jpg Home - Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mile High Skyscraper Proposal Section illustration showing the base of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Illinois skyscraper. Pictured is Wright’s taproot foundation, which is inspired by tree structures. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tableau-d-aviation monthly 0.5 2022-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612031296936-VII0KDWPB5V2TWBO75MG/1894-LePetitParisien-Table.jpg Home - Tableau d’Aviation Illustration from 1894 by Emmanuel Dieuaide showing the variety of flying machines designed throughout history, with Dieuaide’s own invention from 1879 included. Originally appeared in an 1894 issue of Le Petit Parisien. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dante-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-02-12 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/pabst-building-and-verticality-symbolism monthly 0.5 2021-02-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609603166326-JT9GOLFRSPEWFJ68CFXI/1891-SolonSpencerBeman-PabstBuilding.jpg Home - The Pabst Building and the Symbolism of Verticality Postcard from the early 1900’s showing the Pabst Building in downtown Milwaukee. Frederick Pabst built the building to house the headquarters of his brewing empire, and it subsequently became a symbol for early skyscrapers in the city. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612188561206-W1ELUWVFQ6HKQQ0WU443/1895-HenryCKoch-MilwaukeeCityHallPostcard.jpg Home - The Pabst Building and the Symbolism of Verticality Postcard showing Milwaukee City Hall, completed in 1895 as the tallest building in the city. It beat out the Pabst Building to claim the title, and would hold it until the 1970’s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612188244690-EBJIR4ZQAP98DYTY3932/1950-PabstBuildingLoppedOff.jpg Home - The Pabst Building and the Symbolism of Verticality Photo of the Pabst Building after it’s roofline was flattened in the late 1940’s, due to structural deficiencies. In the background on the right is Milwaukee City Hall, which surpassed the Pabst to become the tallest building in Milwaukee. The date of this photo is unknown. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-ebony-horse monthly 0.5 2022-10-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1611709060481-FJV5ICEPD8TZXK23PX9S/1895-JohnDBatten-TaleOfTheEnchantedHorse.jpg Home - The Tale of the Ebony Horse An illustration by John D. Batten showing Prince Qamar al-Aqma riding the Ebony Horse with his princess. Originally published in the book More Fairy Tales from the Arabian Nights by J.M. Dent & Co., London, 1895. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1611709791903-RK80BPRM6G1DWF92NJ54/image-asset.jpeg Home - The Tale of the Ebony Horse A painting by Edmund Dulac showing Prince Qamar al-Aqmar riding his Ebony Horse. The painting was originally published in the book Sinbad the Sailor & Other Stories from the Arabian Nights by Hodder & Stoughton, 1914. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/dante-divine-comedy monthly 0.5 2022-12-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610737286170-J42JWC8G00U2ZXEBVQO0/1855-MichelangeloCaetani-DivineComedy-01-Universe.jpg Home - Dante’s Divine Comedy and the Vertical Worldview Plate from Michelangelo Caetani’s 1855 work La Materia della Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri, showing a diagram of the universe, including Inferno at the bottom, Purgatorio in the middle, and Paradiso at the top. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610737312174-MXW5RIXRTZRU7U2RLEDM/1855-MichelangeloCaetani-DivineComedy-02-Inferno.jpg Home - Dante’s Divine Comedy and the Vertical Worldview Plate from Michelangelo Caetani’s 1855 work La Materia della Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri, showing a diagram of Dante’s idea of Inferno. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610737349321-FK0ZW69XYE445ENX1ASA/1855-MichelangeloCaetani-DivineComedy-03-Purgatory.jpg Home - Dante’s Divine Comedy and the Vertical Worldview Plate from Michelangelo Caetani’s 1855 work La Materia della Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri, showing a diagram of Dante’s idea of Purgatorio. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610737376636-17LDUFVJ27UL18OFLVGU/1855-MichelangeloCaetani-DivineComedy-04-Paradiso.jpg Home - Dante’s Divine Comedy and the Vertical Worldview Plate from Michelangelo Caetani’s 1855 work La Materia della Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri, showing a diagram of Dante’s idea of Paradiso. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/sun-tzu-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-02-04 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/great-tower-for-london-competition monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612022877424-00JKFHQH7PQLOPGTHEMX/1890-WatkinsTower-Brochure.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition Promotional illustration for Watkin’s Tower, showing a general view of Wembly Park and a sketch of the Wembly Park Station, which provided direct access to the park from the city. Watkin’s Tower is shown in the distance, commanding the landscape and providing a landmark for the park. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020658009-D9EO4UH8JF7XQANB1D0E/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-TopDesigns.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition The first and second place designs of the Great Tower for London Competition. First place went to Stewart, MacLaren and Dunn of London, and second place went to Webster and Haigh of Liverpool. The jury went with latticed designs that were Eiffel-esque, but were still unique enough to hold their own identity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020705061-K4H9Q2BQKPIBX4BWKY3T/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-01-04.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020719250-N1LPDXQD7UQAIC7OIRWI/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-05-08.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020732903-WE7S2CUO86IJBAUMMNC3/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-09-12.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020765401-IFFU9EKGGRMISWSVA1OQ/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-13-16.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020781317-BFUV8UK7TILVJF5KUASH/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-17-20.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020794955-FLKFM24HTAAE8WCC325C/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-21-24.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020812184-W145OIKF3G8RJFPNP339/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-25-28.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020825158-Y423FN1F0XVHM9HDBEI2/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-29-32.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020845460-Q84VSD8BE700149XZG2E/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-33-36.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612020878279-TLGYQ4Q34SHZBDJHJQ8N/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-37-40.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021277577-39F3RE4YG0BWNPFRYB1R/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-41-44.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021297351-KW0FQNXCE0R10NYOJJFY/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-45-48.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021315307-5HZ5IP2C26WZ2QZWJTD5/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-49-52.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021331529-O76RP1TEI8EGPT01UH8N/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-53-56.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021346549-WOECQ3IWKRCLANINUMIP/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-57-60.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021361532-ZPGWYOMTCPALDD5HLL6E/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-61-64.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612021379245-DPLGP7JJTDKNBJF3ZGIL/1890-GreatTowerOfLondon-65-68.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612024048392-SLCZC6I65G5EDT2TKD2A/1894-GreatTowerForLondon-SizeComparison.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition Height comparison between Watkin’s Tower and the Eiffel Tower. Watkin’s Tower was meant to be 350.5 meters (1,150 feet) tall, which is 300 meters (984 feet). Illustration originally appeared in an 1894 issue of The Graphic.[2] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1612026497897-OTIE5CIYWH0LPRMFZ2A2/1894-GreatTowerForLondon-Photo.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Great Tower for London Competition Photograph showing the incomplete tower, taken sometime between 1899 and the structure’s demolition in 1904. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/chrysler-building-spire monthly 0.5 2021-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1611194079375-XR8B1OPMLA79ANQEZ96N/1931-ChryslerBuilding-SpireSnippet.jpg Home - The Chrysler Building’s Hidden Spire Illustration from Popular Science showing how the spire for the Chrysler Building was built within the crown and lifted into place. The spire was hidden to conceal the full height of the building as long as possible, because it was competing with the Empire State Building to be the tallest building in the world. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-human-body-and-flight monthly 0.5 2022-01-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610212086763-UX0JMDGALLEXI6S8T4ND/1779-JacquesGamelin-NouveauRecueild%E2%80%99OsteologieetdeMyologie.jpg Home - The Human Body and Flight : Why We Can’t Fly A 1779 engraving by Jacques Gamelin of a winged skeleton, originally from Gamelin’s book Nouveau Recueil d’Osteologie et de Myologie, or New Collection of Osteology and Mycology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1611249951202-4N11J3AZR4MN6WV47JCX/1680-GiovanniAlfonsoBorelli-OnTheMovementOfAnimals.jpg Home - The Human Body and Flight : Why We Can’t Fly Plate from Giovanni Alfonso Borelli’s 1680 De Motu Animalium, exploring the physiology of animal movements, including humans, birds and horses. Borelli saw animal bodies as the same as machines, and he applied mechanical principles to animal movement throughout the work. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610233150774-LZFKF9G4PCQA6825BQZX/1831-Bourgery-HumanArmMuscles.jpg Home - The Human Body and Flight : Why We Can’t Fly Illustration of human arm muscles, drawn by Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery for his Traité complet de l’anatomie de l’homme, or Complete Treatise on the Human Anatomy. The treatise was published between 1831 and 1854, with the above illustration from 1834. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jean-jacques-rousseau-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-01-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alternate-realities-eiffel-tower monthly 0.5 2021-01-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609714195541-L2QB1T3EMG7NVBF9VJOX/1900-StephenSauvestre-EiffelTowerAddition.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Eiffel Tower Illustration of an alternate design for the Eiffel Tower. Designed by French architect Stephen Sauvestre, the proposal provides more floor area as well as better vertical transportation. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/empire-state-building-brochure monthly 0.5 2022-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1610729072863-0MVI4XIQ4I3XHPDIWX66/1931-ShreveLambHarmon-EmpireStateBuilding-Brochure.jpg Home - What Everybody Wants To Know About The Empire State Building Brochure advertising the Empire State Building, from sometime in the late 1960’s or 70’s. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wayland-the-smith monthly 0.5 2022-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609434792869-UTAB9841M2FZTNGDU8A7/1914-WaylandTheSmith.jpg Home - The Myth of Wayland the Smith Illustration of Wayland the Smith with his wings, about to leap from a tower in an attempt to fly. Image originally from the book Myths and Legends of All Nations by Logan Marshall.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/ada-louise-huxtable-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2021-01-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/washington-monument-sketch monthly 0.5 2022-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609434223120-NC2DR948FQ5ZW9AN0ROD/1879-WashingtonMonumentSketch.jpg Home - A Sketch Design for the Washington Monument Illustration of a proposal for the Washington Monument in Washing D.C., drawn by an architecture student and first appearing in an 1879 issue of American Architect and Building News. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/altitudinal-zonation monthly 0.5 2022-01-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609862836761-LNNFNWGAGW966J9NU15W/1850-AlexandervonHumboldt-Andes.jpg Home - Altitudinal Zonation : Mountains and Verticality Illustration of altitudinal zonation for the Andes Mountains, drawn from the studies of Alexander von Humbolt.[1] Original image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609973593443-MPYAVD97VTJJE9JME28H/1805-AlexandervonHumboldt-TableauPhysique.jpg Home - Altitudinal Zonation : Mountains and Verticality Alexander von Humboldt’s Tableau Physique, first published in 1805 as part of a compendium that described his world travels from 1799-1803. This image illustrates Humboldt’s theory of altitudinal zonation, after he observed that plant life changes as one ascends away from sea-level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609862564867-3Z4H4NYCM8R9PVFCKUB0/1850-AlexandervonHumboldt-Himalaya.jpg Home - Altitudinal Zonation : Mountains and Verticality Illustration of altitudinal zonation for the Himalaya, drawn from the studies of Alexander von Humbolt.[1] Original image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609863105512-QYIGT7SNPJLZER89L2C8/1850-AlexandervonHumboldt-Alps.jpg Home - Altitudinal Zonation : Mountains and Verticality Illustration of altitudinal zonation for the Alps and Pyrenees Mountains, drawn from the studies of Alexander von Humbolt.[1] Original image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609863844398-RPD08CZARZPZJRC8D2FY/1850-AlexandervonHumboldt-GeographicalDistributionOfPlants.jpg Home - Altitudinal Zonation : Mountains and Verticality Overall engraving showing all five mountain ranges, from which the above illustrations were taken.[1] Original image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/king-bladud-flying-man monthly 0.5 2022-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608829469851-JTAZ5QFSF02BQWVN8VLO/42425779._UY1514_SS1514_.jpg Home - King Bladud and the Myth of the Flying Man Illustration of King Bladud, a mythical king who alledgedly attempted to fly in the ninth century BC. Illustration from the cover of Bladud of Bath: the British King Who Tried to Fly, a 1973 book by Howard C. Levis. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/conrad-gesner-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-01-12 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jean-jacques-bourcart-ornithopter monthly 0.5 2021-01-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608828577918-LLZ6URSMOEAOUNKG2W6T/1866-JeanJacquesBourcart-Ornithopter.jpg Home - Jean Jacques Bourcart’s Ornithopter Illustration by Jean Jacques Bourcart for an ornithopter design, proposed in 1866. The design used human-powered wings, and it was originally called Vélocipède Aérien. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609180908577-3QHLUNLZV9UIW27GTEA3/1866-JeanJacquesBourcart-Ornithopter.jpg Home - Jean Jacques Bourcart’s Ornithopter https://www.onverticality.com/blog/clarence-blackall-office-building monthly 0.5 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609872057046-88YEKO4TLIH8XM512CJM/tumblr_muoa5wrLNR1qgpvyjo1_1280.jpg Home - Clarence H. Blackall’s Study for an Office Building https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alternate-realities-chrysler-building monthly 0.5 2021-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609605884733-L76FFDYROVA8H5BSULN5/1930-WilliamVanAlen-ChryslerBuildingAltDesigns.jpg Home - Alternate Realities : The Chrysler Building Alternate designs for the crown of the Chrysler Building. The skyscraper’s architect, William Van Alen, was exploring different options for the crown’s aesthetic, and the design on the far-right was ultimately built. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/ada-louise-huxtable-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/l-homme-volant monthly 0.5 2021-01-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607998947008-2699ZJXQ47XUAA5U0TSI/1894-LePetitParisien-Cover.jpg Home - L’Homme Volant Cover of Le Petit Parisien from 1894, showing a picture of Otto Lilienthal, titled L’Homme-Volant, which means Flying Man in French. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/louis-charles-letur-parachute-glider monthly 0.5 2020-12-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607528533951-JM9K9UA03VFAF3MYDH36/1854-LouisCharlesLetur-ParachuteGlider.jpg Home - Louis Charles Letur’s Parachute-Glider Illustration of Louis Charles Letur’s 1853 design for a flying machine. His idea consisted of a large parachute and a pair of wings, with the pilot placed centrally. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/earth-air-water-fire monthly 0.5 2022-01-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608043369648-M23Q6WAUWM0I6RJCUHMB/1659-BasilValentine-AzothEmblem.jpg Home - Earth, Air, Water and Fire : The Verticality of The Classical Elements Illustration from 1659 by Basil Valentine, for his work Azoth of the Philosophers. The image shows an azoth, which is an alchemic emblem depicting the composition of the universe. At the core of the diagram are the four classical elements: earth (lower left), air (upper right), fire (upper left) and water (lower right). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608652701592-8WMLOPQ340ZA8TDD4906/1617-RobertFludd-UtriusqueCosmiFrontispiece.jpg Home - Earth, Air, Water and Fire : The Verticality of The Classical Elements Frontispiece to Robert Fludd’s 1617 work Utriusque Cosmi. It shows Fludd’s idea of man (the microcosm) and the universe (the macrocosm). It illustrates an early theory of the human relationship to our surroundings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1609095928370-OPT8KAJFWFY0K5P8MMW5/classicalelements.jpg Home - Earth, Air, Water and Fire : The Verticality of The Classical Elements https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608043609095-8IRGBAGYPJMJRECJM9MD/1617-RobertFludd-ClassicalElements.jpg Home - Earth, Air, Water and Fire : The Verticality of The Classical Elements Diagram of the macrocosm from 1617 by Robert Fludd. It shows the four classical elements, arranged along the axis-mundi as concentric spheres. From inside to outside, the four elements are terra (earth), aqua (water), aer (air), and ignis (fire). https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tower-of-babel-quote monthly 0.5 2021-02-04 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/daedalus-and-icarus monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586101931709-IFULUQGCY8XB7STXBDPT/1635-1637-JacobPeterGowy-TheFlightofIcarus.jpg Home - Daedalus and Icarus : A Parable of Human Flight Jacob Peter Gowy's The Flight of Icarus, painted in 1635–1637. The painting depicts Daedalus and Icarus, the latter falling after he flies too close to the sun, melting the wax in his wings. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607998677555-U13VMQ8NUQXAT8K9GYVH/1600-RaffaelloGuidi-DaedalusandIcarus.jpg Home - Daedalus and Icarus : A Parable of Human Flight A 1600 engraving by Raffaello Guidi showing Daedalus and Icarus in flight, with Icarus’ wings having just melted from the heat of the sun. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583448339967-DGAK2MXAHIOU03PNM9J8/1898-HerbertJamesDraper-TheLamentForIcarus.jpg Home - Daedalus and Icarus : A Parable of Human Flight The Lament for Icarus, painted by Herbert James Draper in 1898. Icarus can be seen with his massive wings after drowning in the sea. Height represents both safety and danger, and the danger got the best of Icarus, who flew too close to the sun. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/nicolas-edme-retif-flying-man monthly 0.5 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607526554504-QSXZ3I14C7V5XZBOBV27/1781-NicolasEdmeR%C3%A9tif-FlyingMachine.jpg Home - Nicolas Edme Rétif’s Flying Man Etching from Nicolas Edme Rétif’s 1781 novel La Découverte Australe par un Homme-Volant, or The Discovery of the Austral Continent by a Flying Man. It shows an early idea for a flying machine , consisting of a pair of wings and a small parachute. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608249534952-AFERXZYFFJ5HN06OEHHM/1781-NicolasEdmeR%C3%A9tif-FlyingMachine-2.jpg Home - Nicolas Edme Rétif’s Flying Man Etching from Nicolas Edme Rétif’s 1781 novel La Découverte Australe par un Homme-Volant, or The Discovery of the Austral Continent by a Flying Man. It shows the main character, Victorin, shortly after eloping with his love Christine. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/emanuel-swedenborg-glider monthly 0.5 2020-12-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606859709333-GVTZ0IE07SAJQ4HSCZ1R/1714-EmanuelSwedenborg-FlyingMachine.jpeg Home - Emanuel Swedenborg’s Glider Sketch 1714 sketch of a flying machine by Emanuel Swedenborg from one of his notebooks. The design is essentially a combination of a glider and ornithopter, with two paddles meant to keep the machine in the air. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1608151206918-7L8ZN5RK97T8HKM3XEUY/1910-EmanuelSwedenborg-GliderSketchFromBook.jpg Home - Emanuel Swedenborg’s Glider Sketch Sketch of the Swedenborg Glider from the 1910 International Swedenborg Congress. It’s a copy of Swedenborg’s original sketch, showing a bit more detail.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/thomas-moy-aerial-steamer monthly 0.5 2020-12-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606855391287-3BXH6UZ84XCPSJFIOOAW/1875-ThomasMoy-AerialSteamerPhoto.jpg Home - Thomas Moy’s Aerial Steamer Photograph of Thomas Moy’s Aerial Steamer aircraft, which was tested in London in 1875. It’s main innovation was the propellers, originally built with wooden slats that formed a helix-like pattern. As the propellers rotated, the slats were made to pivot about their central axis to provide two types of lift. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alberto-de-palacio-monument monthly 0.5 2022-02-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606170052296-2VLXJQL96NT94Y23C4Z0/1890-AlbertoPalacio-ColumbusMonument.jpg Home - Alberto de Palacio’s Monument to Christopher Columbus Engraving of Alberto de Palacio’s design for a monument in memory of Christopher Columbus. The monument featured a massive globe topped with a full-scale replica of Colombus’s ship. Engraving originally from The Scientific American.[2] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/caspar-david-friedrich-wanderer monthly 0.5 2021-08-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1605799766068-DG1BIW9JNT02WJQEBJSR/1818-CasparDavidFriedrich-WandererAboetheSeaofFog.jpg Home - Caspar David Friedrich’s Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich’s Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, painted around 1818. It’s considered a masterpiece of Romanticism, and it speaks to the human need for verticality. Friedrich shows a man who has climbed to a mountain peak, surveying his world below. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607786297118-ZS44481H7Q5MIQ1OMMFI/1818-CasparDavidFriedrich-ChalkCliffsOnR%C3%BCgen.jpg Home - Caspar David Friedrich’s Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich’s Chalk Cliffs on Rügen from 1818. The painting shows three figures looking out to the sea through a white rock formation. There is symbolism throughout the work, but at its core the painting speaks to the human need for verticality. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/darwin-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-12-28 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/crystal-palace-tower-proposal monthly 0.5 2021-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604092489134-NXZBSFMB19XRKE52KXKB/1852-CharlesBurton-CrystalPalaceTower2.jpg Home - A Design for Converting The Crystal Palace Into A Tower 1000 Feet High Illustration of an 1852 proposal to convert the Crystal Palace into a skyscraper, designed by Charles Burton. The original building was temporary and was built with modular components, so this design would take those components and rearrange them into a tower, coming in at 1000 feet tall. Illustration originally printed by Ackermann & Co. of London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604092914611-WSLO9SG8SPM074FNZW1Z/1851-JosephPaxton-CrystalPalace.jpg Home - A Design for Converting The Crystal Palace Into A Tower 1000 Feet High Illustration of the original Crystal Palace, built as a temporary structure for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London and designed by Joseph Paxton. The building was built of modular components, so it could be assembled and dismantled easily. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607446577816-6J4FFO1U3Q51PCMGYUJ1/Pages+from+gri_33125006201830-1.jpg Home - A Design for Converting The Crystal Palace Into A Tower 1000 Feet High Floor plan of an 1852 proposal to convert the Crystal Palace into a skyscraper, designed by Charles Burton. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604092505869-Y2WJNS6S32911C4B8CFA/1852-CharlesBurton-CrystalPalaceTower3.jpg Home - A Design for Converting The Crystal Palace Into A Tower 1000 Feet High Illustration of an 1852 proposal to convert the Crystal Palace into a skyscraper, designed by Charles Burton. The original building was temporary and was built with modular components, so this design would take those components and rearrange them into a tower, coming in at 1000 feet tall. Illustration by Charles Burton. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/la-minerve-airship monthly 0.5 2021-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603635894704-R42OW7T9K88YVCV1K51E/1803-%C3%89tienneGaspardRobert-LaMinerve.jpg Home - Étienne Gaspard Robert’s La Minerve Airship Illustration of La Minerve Airship, designed in 1803 by Étienne Gaspard Robert. This fictional flying ship included a church, cannons and a massive keg of German beer. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/coney-island-globe-tower monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603213106970-HMDDP9UBFSZDIV51E1KA/image-asset.jpeg Home - The Coney Island Globe Tower Advert for the Coney Island Globe Tower, proposed in 1906 as a massive complex of entertainment and leisure. The project attracted lots of attention, but it was a fake proposal, and allegedly, the creators never intended on building it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1607108694112-QHUO3LF0MS95DNIJEDUW/1906-SamuelFriede-ConeyIslandGlobeTower-Original.jpg Home - The Coney Island Globe Tower Advert for the Coney Island Globe Tower’s original design, proposed in 1906 as a massive complex of entertainment and leisure. The original design had a more robust structure, and no cantilevering around the globe. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606168968697-7H4YL0CQV552YTRZUU12/1907-NewYorkTribune-ConeyIslandGlobeTower.jpg Home - The Coney Island Globe Tower Height lineup illustration featuring the Coney Island Globe Tower, pictured behind the Eiffel Tower, which would’ve been the only building in the world taller than it. Original illustration from the New-York Tribune in 1907.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/mountain-climbing-and-verticality monthly 0.5 2021-08-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1605649266655-4TKL5019XCNVAKV04RT9/IMG_9290.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1605649329007-EX793E3R9D0I18OBZTTU/IMG_9266.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1605649394481-H4ARHZRVLB2MC0O1THJY/IMG_9313.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1605649357394-3CJDNPIGUUHKQR202PFU/IMG_9280.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606767712010-GCPZBNQBMJVJX8BNHFUV/IMG_9284.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606767742503-VYHX8ZO079SJBYRJAXG9/IMG_9287.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Mountain Climbing and Verticality https://www.onverticality.com/blog/a-voyage-to-the-moon monthly 0.5 2021-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603477138454-IX13HPBO6SEX2ILK9BTT/1867-VoyageALaLune.jpg Home - A Voyage to the Moon A French cartoon from 1867, titled Voyage a la Lune, or Voyage to the Moon. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/those-wacky-victorian-flying-machines monthly 0.5 2022-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603471879680-YB6OMB6BV6J5J9AZ4EKX/1850-Unknown-EarlyFlyingMan.jpg Home - Those Wacky Victorian Flying Machines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603471897784-0QNQU3FASWBX24YWN91C/1850-Unknown-VictorianHelicopter.jpg Home - Those Wacky Victorian Flying Machines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603471945410-H62FH9HN96QS1EB3P627/1850-Unknown-EarlyFlyingBike.jpg Home - Those Wacky Victorian Flying Machines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606258986039-OF23M3ZX9ZLW7WA9OTWH/1844-Unknown-EarlyBirdSuit.jpg Home - Those Wacky Victorian Flying Machines https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1606258933304-IZQNVXSTMYVY4YCY46DV/1844-Unknown-EarlyAirship.jpg Home - Those Wacky Victorian Flying Machines https://www.onverticality.com/blog/robert-macfarlane-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-11-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/a-suggestion-for-a-flying-machine monthly 0.5 2020-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603379559506-OKDJ8XJN4SDV09OKCPQO/1877-ASuggestionForAFlyingMachine.jpg Home - A Suggestion for a Flying Machine This etching appeared in an issue of The Graphic from 1877. It’s only given the title of A Suggestion for a Flying Machine.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/henson-and-stringfellow-aerial-steam-carriage monthly 0.5 2020-11-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602885039380-F5SFQF46RP8WR0MEVRH6/1843-WilliamSamuelHenson-AerialSteamCarriage.jpg Home - Henson & Stringfellow’s Aerial Steam Carriage Illustration of Henson and Stringfellow’s Aerial Steam Carriage design, originally part of an advertisement for the craft. The design would’ve had a wingspan of 45 meters (150 feet), but a full-scale prototype was never built. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602885571065-ATOVSJYO35YZMABB9I53/28a-Henson-AerialSteamCarriage.jpg Home - Henson & Stringfellow’s Aerial Steam Carriage Wills’s cigarette card showing Henson and Stringfellow’s Aerial Steam Carriage design. The design was never built at full scale, but smaller models did achieve the world’s first unmanned, powered flight in controlled conditions. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/leonardo-da-vinci-saint-john-the-baptist monthly 0.5 2021-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602769633221-PXE9IZCQXVJ1QFFPTG49/1516-LeonardodaVinci-SaintJohntheBaptist.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci’s Saint John the Baptist Leonardo da Vinci’s Saint John the Baptist painting, showing the saint against a dark landscape, pointing up toward the sky with a wry smile on his face. His upward gesture speaks to our need for verticality, even with it’s religious context. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/paul-claudel-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-11-26 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/richard-trevithick-monument-to-the-reform-act monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602767577077-0O9CEDHYSYWMTCHMG6CM/1832-RichardTrevithick-MonumenttotheReformAct.jpg Home - Richard Trevithick’s Monument to the Reform Act Illustration of Richard Trevithick’s Monument to the Reform Act proposal, which included a 1,000-foot tower of gilded cast-iron panels. The project is shown next to a few other landmarks in London, and shows just how tall it would’ve been had it been built. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602767594694-C8P3NQIZO9HV81QBGC73/1832-RichardTrevithick-MonumenttotheReformAct-plansection.jpg Home - Richard Trevithick’s Monument to the Reform Act Plan and section of Richard Trevithick’s Monument to the Reform Act proposal. The design was rather simple, with a hollow conical shaft that rose 1,000 feet above the city, and an internal lift that would take visitors to the summit. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tatlins-tower monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604143171020-AM4QOLMFOZVUZ9PT076D/1920-VladimirTatlin-TatlinsTowerSketch.jpg Home - Vladimir Tatlin’s Tower Sketch by Vladimir Tatlin showing an elevation of his 1920 tower proposal. The design included a steel exoskeleton that envelops four glass volumes, each meant to rotate at different speeds. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604142633336-7WJBDCAZQPATXXYNIZLI/1920-VladimirTatlin-TatlinsTowerModel.jpg Home - Vladimir Tatlin’s Tower Photograph showing a model of Tatlin’s Tower from 1921 in Petrograd. The tower was designed as a monument to and a headquarters for the Third International, and a symbol of communism. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/abbas-ibn-firnas-attempt-at-flight monthly 0.5 2025-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1604105648221-T34ORFVYJFOX8749LP7K/875-AbbasIbnFirnas-FlightAttempt.jpg Home - Abbas ibn Firnas’ Attempt At Flight Illustration of Abbas ibn Firnas’ attempt at flight around 875AD. Firnas allegedly glided for some distance before crash-landing and injuring his back in the process. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/christopher-alexander-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/stacking-typologies monthly 0.5 2020-11-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602097713257-M9C3UDETRP26QHF8Q6ZZ/2014-OliverPershav-PagodaTowers.jpg Home - Stacking Typologies A series of pagoda-like towers sketched by Oliver Pershav while he was a student at the Architectural Association in London. Image © Oliver Pershav. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589063531140-XGZAVO7I12H4L4H3VWAG/2000-MVRDV-DutchPavlionAtExpo2000inHannover.jpg Home - Stacking Typologies Section of the Dutch pavilion, built for the 2000 World’s Fair in Hannover, Germany. The project consisted of unique layers stacked vertically, each with a different structure and use. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/albrecht-berblinger-hang-glider monthly 0.5 2020-11-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602633100788-JJJ0NZ8NVVYVTCL288V6/Gleiter_von_Ulm.jpg Home - Albrecht Berblinger’s Hang Glider Illustration of Albrecht Berblinger’s hang glider design, which he tested in public on 30 May 1811. The design consisted of two large teardrop-shaped wings and a small tail. The glider was controlled by the pilot’s arms, and Berblinger made successful test-flights with the machine in the hills outside Ulm, Germany. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602633245026-DAAQI7AX8U81O2OOGE72/1811-AlbrechtBerblinger-HangGliderAttempt.jpg Home - Albrecht Berblinger’s Hang Glider Illustration of Albrecht Berblinger’s public demonstration of his hang glider design on the banks of the Danube river in Ulm Germany in 1811. The attempt was unsuccessful due to unfavorable conditions at the Danube River, and it destroyed Berblinger’s public image. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/charles-ribart-triumphal-elephant monthly 0.5 2025-09-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603212857747-JA7OV9T94O1J4CGNZLQ1/1758-CharlesRibart-TriumphalElephant.jpg Home - Charles Ribart’s Triumphal Elephant Drawing by Pierre Patte of Charles-François Ribart’s L’Éléphant Triomphal monument, designed in 1758 for the site which would house the Arc de Triomphe in Paris a few decades later. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603287715790-YMDC9KN1J6FKS8NGACEW/1758-CharlesRibart-TriumphalElephant-elevation.jpg Home - Charles Ribart’s Triumphal Elephant Side view of Charles-François Ribart’s L’Éléphant Triomphal monument, designed in 1758 for the site which would house the Arc de Triomphe in Paris a few decades later. Drawn by Pierre Patte. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603287800985-MAYB5AJ7JTAXBJQQ8D6W/1758-CharlesRibart-TriumphalElephant-plans.jpg Home - Charles Ribart’s Triumphal Elephant Floor plans of Charles-François Ribart’s L’Éléphant Triomphal monument, designed in 1758 for the site which would house the Arc de Triomphe in Paris a few decades later. Drawn by Pierre Patte. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jerry-seinfeld-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/rj-spalding-birdman-suit monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602696840746-3UIOIA1MYWIHTUTRB4W5/1889-RJSpalding-FlyingMachinePatent-page2.jpg Home - R.J. Spalding’s Birdman Suit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602696858691-74BTY4V5DCQOCKL8RO4U/1889-RJSpalding-FlyingMachinePatent-page3.jpg Home - R.J. Spalding’s Birdman Suit Front and back views of R.J. Spalding’s patented flying machine from 1889. The design was made to look and fly like a bird, while being suspended in the air by a balloon.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602696882141-AGZE5KE2NI771NP96GK9/1889-RJSpalding-FlyingMachinePatent-page1.jpg Home - R.J. Spalding’s Birdman Suit Side view of R.J. Spalding’s patented flying machine from 1889. The design was made to look and fly like a bird, while being suspended in the air by a balloon.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-montgolfier-brothers monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602625420622-9W0X6WGU836JODL9KMGK/image-asset.jpeg Home - The Montgolfier Brothers and Their Balloons An illustration of the Montgolfier Brothers’ balloon taking off in 1783, in the world’s first successful balloon flight with a human pilot. The drawing is from Gaston Tissandier’s 1887 book Histoire des Ballons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603055127098-2IWV3SMSSYRTAGN6C44O/1783-MontgolfierBrothers-FirstTestFlight2.jpg Home - The Montgolfier Brothers and Their Balloons Illustration showing the first public demonstration of the Montgolfier’s balloon. It was an early prototype, without any cargo, but it flew over 2 km (1.25 miles) and caught the attention of Paris, which led to subsequent demonstrations in the capital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1603056877009-24M0WI9QMRQ771RPLWAK/1783-MontgolfierBalloon.jpg Home - The Montgolfier Brothers and Their Balloons Technical drawing of the Montgolfier Brothers’ balloon, which was the first balloon to fly with a human pilot in 1783. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/raphael-school-of-athens monthly 0.5 2021-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602769067176-R2GRWI11DLWT1R3HOQ1V/1511-Raphael-TheSchoolofAthens-closeup.jpg Home - Raphael’s School of Athens and The Duality of Verticality Detail of Raphael’s 1511 School of Athens fresco at the Stanze di Raffaello in the Vatican. At the center of the work, Plato and Aristotle are discussing their theories of philosophy, which are closely tied to verticality. Plato gestures up toward the sky, while Aristotle gestures forward to the world of the surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602769089376-GLKX1SQ82WB77T42ZQ74/1511-Raphael-TheSchoolofAthens.jpg Home - Raphael’s School of Athens and The Duality of Verticality Raphael’s 1511 School of Athens fresco at the Stanze di Raffaello in the Vatican, depicting key figures in the field of philosophy. In the center are Plato and Aristotle, and they’re debating the duality of their theories, which relate closely to verticality. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/joseph-roth-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tower-of-civilization monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601826586276-RV2UJXN4IOQC5MJEQX5Z/1943-DonaldRWarren-TowerOfCivilization.jpg Home - The Tower of Civilization The proposed Tower of Civilization, designed by bridge engineer Donald R. Warren for the planned, but never held, 1942 World’s Fair in Los Angeles. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/early-balloon-designs monthly 0.5 2022-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601821620038-MP0F77XPDX65FQ0N9Y5V/1818-AWWarren-AeronauticsDiagram.jpg Home - Early Balloon Designs An 1818 illustration of famous balloon designs throughout history, drawn by Joseph Clement. The image features a variety of balloons and parachutes, as well as wing designs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602808735925-MIBVMBGR61YZ3TZY5YET/1897-BalloonIllustration.jpg Home - Early Balloon Designs An 1897 illustration from Nouveau Larousse Illustré, showing various balloon designs throughout the history of ballooning. The earliest designs were rather simple, while later designs incorporated sheering and propulsion mechanisms.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/john-damian-the-false-friar monthly 0.5 2020-12-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602631858211-5E2C62U7QY9FW8UOP7UX/1507-JohnDamian-FlightFromStirlingCastle2.jpg Home - John Damian de Falcuis, the False Friar of Tongland Illustration showing John Damian de Falcuis’ 1507 leap from the ramparts of Stirling Castle in Scotland. This was one of humanity’s earliest attempts at flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602632379903-6GX41MVP4Z1K64LRMVRY/1507-AlexanderCarse-TheFlyingFriar.jpg Home - John Damian de Falcuis, the False Friar of Tongland A drawing by Alexander Carse from the early nineteenth century showing John Damian de Falcuis’ 1507 attempt at flight. The flight was satirized by William Dunbar in his early sixteenth century poem The Fenyeit Freir of Tungland, from which Carse takes his inspiration. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tom-petty-quote monthly 0.5 2020-12-31 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/flying-throne-of-kay-kavus monthly 0.5 2022-07-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602623065521-78QJEY6YUN50FNOW5L9Q/26a-FlyingThroneOfKayKavus.jpg Home - The Flying Throne of Kay Kāvus An Illustration of the Flying Throne of Kay Kavus, from the epic poem Shāhnāmeh, written circa 975-1010AD by the Persian poet Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi. The throne took flight through the use of four eagles attached to it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602182379162-MVGQ4FZ0M1EO1JIREAPM/1000c-ShahnamaOfShahTahmasp-FlyingThroneOfKayKavus2.jpg Home - The Flying Throne of Kay Kāvus An Illustration of the Flying Throne of Kay Kavus, from the epic poem Shāhnāmeh, written circa 975-1010AD by the Persian poet Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi. The throne took flight through the use of four eagles attached to it. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-unbuilt-inmaculado-corazon-de-maria monthly 0.5 2021-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602097251622-D795RRR5CZH9280XGF5O/1904-JosepPuigiCadafalch-NuestraSe%C3%B1oradeLuj%C3%A1n.jpg Home - The Unbuilt Inmaculado Corazón de María A 1910 proposal for the Inmaculado Corazón de María, designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch and Josep Goday i Casals for a site in Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602270917911-KH3IDQ7YGJYTBYWGG6KB/1910-JosepPuigICadafalch-InmaculadoCoraz%C3%B3ndeMar%C3%ADa-axon.jpg Home - The Unbuilt Inmaculado Corazón de María Worms-eye axon drawing of a 1910 proposal for the Inmaculado Corazón de María, designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch and Josep Goday i Casals for a site in Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1602270284453-OYR8C4ZL2FB3O6GKHUFD/1910-JosepPuigICadafalch-InmaculadoCoraz%C3%B3ndeMar%C3%ADa-interior.jpg Home - The Unbuilt Inmaculado Corazón de María Floor plans and interior view of a 1910 proposal for the Inmaculado Corazón de María, designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch and Josep Goday i Casals for a site in Buenos Aires, Argentina. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-man-in-the-moone monthly 0.5 2020-12-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1593277905562-MXQRLMUZLIFTD9GUW9AK/1657-FrancisGodwin-TheManInnTheMoone-FrontispieceToSecondEdition2.jpg Home - The Man in the Moone Frontispiece for the second edition of Francis Godwin’s The Man in the Moone, published in 1657. The illustration shows an early idea for a flying machine, powered by a flock of birds and a small sail. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601824054454-EBK8Q0BS83PTRUEBABAM/1659-FrancisGodwin-TheManInTheMoone-FrontispieceToGermanEdition2.jpg Home - The Man in the Moone Frontispiece for the German edition of Francis Godwin’s The Man in the Moone, published in 1659. The illustration shows an early idea for a flying machine, powered by a flock of birds and a small sail. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/paul-goldberger-quote-1 monthly 0.5 2020-10-07 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-two-cherubs monthly 0.5 2021-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1593277426291-3HRNU50M4NP9FP416R3Z/1513-Rafael-SistineMadonna-Cherubs.jpg Home - The Two Cherubs The Two Cherubs, a small part of a larger painting by Raphael titled Sistine Madonna. These two little guys have become iconic in their own right, and their upward gaze represents the human need to escape the Earth’s surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1593277524493-Z3F5SC1UDX42X0Z2KSZL/1513-Rafael-SistineMadonna.jpg Home - The Two Cherubs The Sistine Madonna, by Raphael in 1513, showing the Two Cherubs at the bottom, looking up at the Madonna. This is a scene from heaven, with the figures standing among the clouds. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/phare-du-monde-pleasure-tower monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601045544123-TIYQJ52M5EKRF6Y7QV4E/1937-Eug%C3%A8neFreyssinet-PleasureTower.jpg Home - The Phare du Monde Pleasure Tower Illustration of Eugène Freyssinet’s Phare du Monde, or Lighthouse of the World, from 1933. The structure was designed for the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris, but it was never constructed. This image originally appeared in a 1933 issue of Modern Mechanix.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601048929380-615O4JFRAOH73ZU4OLWF/1937-Eug%C3%A8neFreyssinet-PleasureTower2.jpg Home - The Phare du Monde Pleasure Tower Illustration of Eugène Freyssinet’s Phare du Monde, or Lighthouse of the World, from 1933. The structure was designed for the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris, but it was never constructed. Image source unknown. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/felix-du-temple-monoplane monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1600790741183-UNVY38YONE5B6M9VMYXJ/1874-F%C3%A9lixduTemple-Monoplane.jpg Home - Félix du Temple’s Monoplane An illustration of Félix du Temple’s 1874 design for a Monoplane. This side perspective here doesn’t properly capture the wingspan, which is pictured below. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1600790757281-VKZYK80IEV9S483AVS91/1857-F%C3%A9lixduTemple-MonoplanePatentDrawings.jpg Home - Félix du Temple’s Monoplane Félix du Temple’s 1857 patent drawings for his monoplane design. You can see the wide wingspan and the backward pitch of the machine when grounded. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1600790799931-4Q4BZDSS94RKKTUD7AEM/1874-F%C3%A9lixduTemple-MonoplaneModel.jpg Home - Félix du Temple’s Monoplane Close-up photo showing a reconstructed model of Félix du Temple’s monoplane design from the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, near Paris. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/louis-sullivan-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2020-08-18 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/flying-machines-1 monthly 0.5 2022-02-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1596380952481-UWXGMMH91EJSS4T70UMW/1897-FlyingMachines-NouveauLarousseIllustr%C3%A9-pg624.jpg Home - Flying Machines Illustration from Nouveau Larousse Illustré showing examples of famous flying machines throughout history. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1601821931319-JGMKR3PUIZBKWR8Q3FGU/1910-PierreLarousse-FlyingMachines.jpg Home - Flying Machines A 1910 illustration showing another assortment of flying machine designs throughout history. This one was also from an issue of Nouveau Larousse Illustré. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-urban-canyon monthly 0.5 2022-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1593278224580-R62CB1ASODL3ZHN1KPS5/1925-Howells%26Hood-ChicagoNorthMichiganAvePostcard2.jpg Home - The Urban Canyon Postcard showing Chicago’s Michigan Avenue, circa 1925. The scale of the skyscrapers creates an urban canyon, de-humanizing the experience of the city. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/caf7bf2b-31c7-4613-aaed-ef836bbd72e6/1930-ChesterDanforth-ChicagoTowers.jpg Home - The Urban Canyon - Make it stand out 1930 illustration by Chester Danforth showing the intersection of Wacker and Michigan Avenue in Chicago. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/hugh-ferriss-and-religion-on-the-skyline monthly 0.5 2021-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585775408480-G6KUKD4RC49UH6QQCEPU/1929-HughFerriss-SkyscraperofReligion2.jpg Home - Hugh Ferriss and Religion on the Skyline Hugh Ferriss’ Religion, from his 1929 work The Metropolis of Tomorrow. Ferriss is imagining a skyscraper that acts as a headquarters for all religion, operating harmoniously within a single structure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1593272919882-NCQQO4MNQV4CG3F8M87I/1929-HughFerriss-ConvocationTower.jpg Home - Hugh Ferriss and Religion on the Skyline Hugh Ferriss’ rendering of Convocation Tower, designed by Bertram Goodhue in 1921. Ferriss uses the drama of night-lighting to focus the eye on the street-level experience at the base and the design of the crown at the top. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/louis-sullivan-quote monthly 0.5 2020-06-08 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/stylites-and-the-power-of-will monthly 0.5 2021-04-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585431631406-DVEBY7URB77T9MUO5L8U/1861-FrederickHollyer-StSimeonStylites2.jpg Home - Stylites and the Power of Will An 1861 illustration of St. Simeon Stylite atop his pillar, gesturing to heavenly creatures up in the sky. The illustration is titled St. Simeon Stylites, and it was drawn by Frederick Hollyer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585431726018-H3GJ2TN4KXNKOYUEQJM8/1841-WEFBritten-Alfred%2CLordTennysonPoem-StSimeonStylites2.jpg Home - Stylites and the Power of Will A 1901 drawing by W.E.F Britten of St. Simeon Stylites, produced for Alfred Tennyson’s St. Simeon Stylites poem. The saint is shown atop his pillar, among the birds, with a dragon climbing up from below. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/sir-george-cayley-and-aviation monthly 0.5 2021-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590854093729-64AOR4PZBYHBX5KF372D/1849-SirGeorgeCayley-TriplaneDesign.jpg Home - Sir George Cayley and the Science of Aviation Sir George Cayley’s 1849 triplane design. He briefly tested a prototype of this design, with limited success. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590854204763-GKJP0S21LTSIAVIHQQGA/1804-SirGeorgeCayley-ModelGliderSketch.jpg Home - Sir George Cayley and the Science of Aviation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590854229521-IUK1K04DJ49QV4WGSJX8/1849-SirGeorgeCayley-FixedWingGliderSketch.jpg Home - Sir George Cayley and the Science of Aviation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590854248648-70UWMIUPJ6YIMPBLAYHG/1853-SirGeorgeCayley-MostAdvancedGliderSketch.jpg Home - Sir George Cayley and the Science of Aviation Sir George Cayley’s glider designs. Top: original sketch from 1804 for a glider. Middle: a fixed-wing glider from 1849, improved from his original sketch. Bottom: an 1853 glider sketch, Cayley’s most advanced design. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590854468662-7XI4DNG8VQRHCRLUMDNW/1852-SirGeorgeCayley-ManCarryingGlider.jpg Home - Sir George Cayley and the Science of Aviation Sir George Cayley’s 1852 design for a glider. He tested the glider with a pilot, with limited success. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/the-matrix-and-verticality monthly 0.5 2022-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590847234543-ECGXVK1C2PUBEH1USCQ8/1999-TheMatrix-NeoFlying.png Home - The Matrix and Verticality End scene from The Matrix (1999), showing the character Neo flying. The writers are using flight as the pinnacle of Neo’s powers. Image © Warner Bros Pictures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1590850480176-FP1YSTWLFPIXNZXH78PD/1999-TheMatrix-MorpheusJumping.png Home - The Matrix and Verticality Scene from The Matrix (1999), where flight or levitation is used as a superpower. Image © Warner Bros Pictures. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/oscar-wilde-quote monthly 0.5 2021-02-02 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/clement-ader-eole-and-avion-iii monthly 0.5 2021-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589135113216-MK5OP6J9T6W38BI7QM58/1897-Cl%C3%A9mentAder-AvionIIIPostcard.jpg Home - Clément Ader's Éole and Avion III The Avion III, built in 1897 by Clément Ader. Ader claimed the machine flew a distance of 100 m (328 ft), but these claims are unsubstantiated. The wings of the Avion III were based on a bat’s wings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589135071933-H2CEEPCJQ2TF7R27A80N/1890-Cl%C3%A9mentAder-AderEoleDrawing.jpg Home - Clément Ader's Éole and Avion III Drawings of the Ader Éole, an aircraft designed by Clément Ader in 1890. The Éole was powered by a steam engine, and Ader claimed to have flown it on multiple occasions in 1890 and 1891. These claims are unsubstantiated, however. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589135128911-IVCJXD5XSNQLBYD8FXVS/1897-Cl%C3%A9mentAder-AvionIIICard.jpg Home - Clément Ader's Éole and Avion III A Wills’s cigarette card showing Ader’s Avion III in flight. The image is a fantasy, since the craft never flew this high. It’s a remarkable piece of engineering, however, and the wings were inspired by a bat. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-xii-a-never-ending-struggle monthly 0.5 2020-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589063531140-XGZAVO7I12H4L4H3VWAG/2000-MVRDV-DutchPavlionAtExpo2000inHannover.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XII: A Never-ending Struggle A section of the Dutch Pavilion from the 2000 World Expo in Hanover, Germany. The building featured a series of stacked spaces that were completely different from one another, and it clearly explores the three concepts of underground, surface, and sky. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1589063918960-MWOS0V6RNGNFJR1S1OJM/1888-VincentvanGogh-StarryNightOvertheRh%C3%B4ne.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XII: A Never-ending Struggle Vincent van Gogh’s 1888 painting Starry Night Over the Rhône, showing a night view down the river with stars lighting up the sky. Van Gogh was fascinated by the night sky, and he attempted many nighttime paintings, the most famous of which was his iconic The Starry Night. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/henri-j-giffard-airship-and-captive-balloon monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585066226788-A5PT68P5SKLQY4XV10HE/1852-HenriGiffard-GiffardAirship-EngravingFromBook-AlbumofScienceFamousScientistDiscoveries-1899.jpg Home - Henri J. Giffard's Airship and Captive Balloon Henri Giffard’s airship pictured flying high above the French countryside. Illustration from an 1889 issue of La Science Illustree. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1587518731909-FD5UDZ40ZW5V04VTIQK6/1878-HenriGiffard-GrandBalloonBeforeAscent-Paris.jpg Home - Henri J. Giffard's Airship and Captive Balloon An 1878 photograph of Henri Giffard’s passenger-carrying balloon in Paris. This balloon was one of the first of its kind to offer rides to the public, and it gave people a chance to see their city from above, which was a rarity at the time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1587589938301-4A7KYMDAQULLYUWAGL30/1852-HenriGiffard-CaptiveBalloonGondola.jpg Home - Henri J. Giffard's Airship and Captive Balloon Illustration of Henri Giffard’s captive balloon, built as part of the International Exhibition in Paris in 1878. Pictured is the balloon’s gondola, filled with civilians eager to take a flight. The balloon allowed the public to view their city from above, radically changing their perspective on the world. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wilbur-wright-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2021-09-29 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/otto-lilienthal-the-flying-man monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585749327523-KDDBACU7L1C6KXVWKYK7/1891-1896-OttoLilienthal-Glider.jpg Home - Otto Lilienthal, The 'Flying Man' Otto Lilienthal getting ready for a test flight with one of his glider designs, circa 1894. Lilienthal pioneered many glider designs throughout his life and was known as the ‘flying man’. Photo by Ottomar Anschütz. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1587146060473-DR5KYCF4WPQ1U26OIHPE/1891-OttoLilienthal-DerwitzerGlider.jpg Home - Otto Lilienthal, The 'Flying Man' Otto Lilienthal in 1891, getting ready to take off with his first flying machine prototype, the Derwitzer glider, named for the area outside Berlin where the flight took place. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1587063223728-1ADIUZY19YBR55TSJDVP/1895-OttoLilienthal-USPatent533816.jpg Home - Otto Lilienthal, The 'Flying Man' Otto Lilienthal’s patent drawing for his flying machine, issued in 1895. The glider was called the Normalsegelapparat, which is German for ‘Normal Soaring Apparatus’. The drawings show a winged glider with a single operator sitting in the center, with his legs dangling under the craft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585749344862-OW4PGBHEUQPU3FLQPDFQ/1891-1896-OttoLilienthal-GliderFlight.jpg Home - Otto Lilienthal, The 'Flying Man' Otto Lilienthal in mid-flight, testing his Normalsegelapparat glider, circa 1895. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1587149475392-CVWK0R00X8NVSINF01XP/1895-OttoLilienthal-BiplaneGlider.jpg Home - Otto Lilienthal, The 'Flying Man' Otto Lilienthal flying one of his biplane gliders in 1895. The craft was called Doppeldecker, which is German for ‘Biplane’. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/marques-de-bacqueville-leap-of-faith monthly 0.5 2020-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586387323286-HQSY5MEPGSP7JFJE9D5Y/1742-MarquesdeBacqueville-FlyingMachine.jpg Home - Marques de Bacqueville's Leap of Faith Illustration by Albert Tissandier showing Marquis de Bacqueville’s leap of faith in 1742. De Bacqueville had strapped wing-like paddles to his arms and legs, and then leaped off the roof of his home in Paris, attempting to fly across the river Seines.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586387375528-DQ541K9Y3PSWRYKG4TAC/1742-MarquesdeBacqueville-FlyingMachine2.jpg Home - Marques de Bacqueville's Leap of Faith Drawing from a French educational card from the early 20th century. The caption reads: ‘In the air: the wings of the Marquis de Bacqueville, 1750. Having sprung from his window, he reached the middle of the Seine, but he fell on a washerwoman’s barge.’ https://www.onverticality.com/blog/alexandre-goupil-sesquiplane monthly 0.5 2020-04-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585071542735-I9IPXOK8OVIR3W8L4WGK/1883-AlexandreGoupil-SesquiplaneFlyingMachine.jpg Home - Alexandre Goupil's Sesquiplane Alexandre Goupil’s design for a flying machine. The craft is a sesquiplane, meaning it has two sets of wings, one much smaller than the other. Goupil envisioned a steam engine inside the bulbous body, powering a single propeller at the front. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586466781642-4R7LA7NL5KXOXBGGRB6E/1883-AlexandreGoupil-SesquiplaneInitialVersion.jpg Home - Alexandre Goupil's Sesquiplane Goupil’s original design for his sesquiplane. Here, the operator sat inside the body, along with the steam engine that would power the propeller. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586466884312-DCGX4YQ2L09QB3Z8D23W/1884-AlexandreGoupil-SesquiplaneFinalVersion.jpg Home - Alexandre Goupil's Sesquiplane Goupil’s final design for his sesquiplane. The overall concept remained the same, but the design was streamlined and the wing geometry was simplified. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586467041737-UDBV82T8WNOUKZO7CHJ1/1916-GlennCurtiss-GoupilDuck.jpg Home - Alexandre Goupil's Sesquiplane Glenn Curtiss’ 1916 version of the ‘Goupil Duck.’ Curtiss built this machine after a patent dispute with the Wright Brothers. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/leonardo-da-vinci-and-human-flight monthly 0.5 2022-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997314473-Z4XR3Q69BVKS4LHICEIT/1487-1490-daVinci-WingArticulationStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of wing articulation. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997424866-L3QW5CMR70CY1T8WINX7/1490-1493-daVinci-ArticulatedWingStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of an articulated wing mechanism. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1490 - 1493.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997061162-XUP3O87HVG1OID4RR4B9/1487-1490-daVinci-TestingLoadToleranceForAWing.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Concept for testing the load tolerance of a wing mechanism. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997081628-0XNM523TV8D9CO3EPH1L/1487-1490-daVinci-AirScrewStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Sketch of an air-screw mechanism. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997606614-GSFB5OGO0QNLJTZROFVD/1487-1490-daVinci-FlyingMachineStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of a flying machine. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584998121751-C78PN2ZVRGSHSR90KNI8/1487-1490-daVinci-FlyingMachineAndRudderStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of a flying machine and rudder. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997452402-F7X3N1NTK8N4L3B4TKOP/1487-1490-daVinci-VerticallyStandingBirdWingedFlyingMachine.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of a vertically-standing bird-winged flying machine. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1487 - 1490.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584997397696-KKUVSVG61LIYWB2DUO3C/1505-daVinci-WingFunctionStudy.jpg Home - Leonardo da Vinci and Human Flight Study of wing function. From da Vinci’s notebooks, circa 1505.[1] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jean-marie-le-bris-artificial-albatross monthly 0.5 2020-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585069368694-XM2RA1DKOB8KNBX3SIF6/1868-Jean-Marie+LeBris-AlbatrossII.jpg Home - Jean-Marie Le Bris' Artificial Albatross Jean-Marie Le Bris pictured with his flying machine in 1868, called the Albatros II. The winged craft rests on a wheeled base to move it around at ground level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585069741939-865MD32H66LNEP6QSNFG/1868-Jean-Marie+LeBris-AlbatrossPatentDrawings.jpg Home - Jean-Marie Le Bris' Artificial Albatross An 1857 flight patent drawing by Jean-Marie Le Bris, showing his winged flying machine with pilot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586113355280-8TM2FPTQ4GA9N5GXGPV2/1868-Jean-Marie-Le-Bris-Albatross.jpg Home - Jean-Marie Le Bris' Artificial Albatross Illustration of Jean-Marie Le Bris in the second version of his Albatross glider, built in 1868. The machine was able to perform controlled flights with varying success. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/what-we-are-coming-to monthly 0.5 2021-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585432361531-2U1JZ2KWDWKXB6DPE136/1895-GrantEHamilton-JudgeMagazine-ApartmentHouseOfTheFuture.jpg Home - What We Are Coming To An 1895 drawing by Grant E. Hamilton for Judge Magazine, called What We Are Coming To. The illustration depicts an apartment house of the future, showing a fantastical building with myriad uses packed into it, complete with a spiraling trolley system coiling around the structure. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/joseph-campbell-quote monthly 0.5 2020-11-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/eilmer-of-malmesbury-the-flying-monk monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585746177814-HLYBZUKZGXFTWRKRU8WO/1010-EilmerofMalmesbury-TheFlyingMonk2.jpg Home - Eilmer of Malmesbury, The Flying Monk Illustration of Eilmer of Malmesbury, shortly before attempting to fly with a pair of wings attached to his hands and feet. He was inspired by the Greek myth of Daedalus and Icarus, and he allegedly glided some 200 m (700 ft) before crash-landing and breaking his legs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585935053757-TTL619FT9AMSNH4DL3G8/1980-circa-FlyingMonkInnSign2.jpg Home - Eilmer of Malmesbury, The Flying Monk Pub sign from the former Flying Monk Inn, a pub that was located nearby the abbey in Malmesbury. It shows Eilmer soaring through the air, shortly after jumping from the abbey. The Inn has since been demolished and replaced by a shopping center. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/jakob-degen-flugmaschine monthly 0.5 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585261572247-SN3UNXAD2CT1EDNFV1LI/1812-JakobDegens-Flugmaschine.jpg Home - Jakob Degen’s Flugmaschine An 1810 illustration of Jakob Degen’s original design for his Flugmaschine. It functions like an ornithopter, with two flapping wings. The design is quite simple, and Degen would subsequently add a balloon to it to help provide lift. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585261662099-RGQP05HH6EPTZI6FJBW8/1812-JakobDegens-Flugmaschine3.jpg Home - Jakob Degen’s Flugmaschine An illustration of a later design for Jakob Degen’s Flugmaschine, including a hydrogen balloon to help with lift. As with many illustrations like this, Degen never achieved the heights depicted here, but his craft was still able to lift off the ground for short, hopping bursts. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/ancient-chullpa-of-peru monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583859694506-SNR1XHIGJY78US5IXC68/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg378-RoundChulpas%2CSillustani.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru Illustration of two round chullpas at Sillustani. Funerary towers such as these were built as tombs, and serve to mark the landscape for the individual inside. Illustration by Ephrain George Squier.[1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583860549467-VQYMA75ESGIW8L2GF4FY/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg352-Chulpas%2CorBurialTowers%2CAcroa.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru Illustration of two square chullpas at Acora. Funerary towers such as these were built as tombs, and serve to mark the landscape for the individual inside. Illustration by Ephrain George Squier.[2] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585492309656-ZAAM3N0JHW94VMF2BFWV/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg353-PlanandSectionofRoundChulpa.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585491811167-AACCMZW1J71DZDVMLQNM/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg353-PlanandSectionofSquareChulpa.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru Plan and section illustrations of a round and square chullpa. As the drawings show, each contains an interior space with a small opening at the base. Illustrations by Ephrain George Squier.[4] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583861253210-TD4432CBLRGHQBV3ZX66/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg351-AncientSepulchres%2CAcora.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru An earlier version of a tomb, or a sepulchre, from Acora. These structures weren’t as sophisticated as the chullpa, but they served the same function. Illustration by Ephrain George Squier.[5] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583861720579-I0WIRFF29W2AQMMSS9WZ/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg373-Aymar%C3%A1Chulpa%2CorBurialTower%2CandHillFort%2CatEscoma.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru A square chullpa at Aymará perched on a hilltop, overlooking a hill fort at Escoma. The builders were using verticality to show the importance of the chullpa. By placing it on a hilltop, it becomes more visible to the surrounding landscape and is more important as a result. Illustration by Ephrain George Squier.[6] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583861748041-WG1T7ZWAPSV4FDRLYTOA/1877-EphrainGeorgeSquier-pg387-HillFortressofQuellenata.jpg Home - The Ancient Chullpa of Peru View of the hill fortress at Quellenata. Various chullpa can be seen throughout the site, marking the landscape for the individuals whom they were built for. Illustration by Ephrain George Squier.[7] https://www.onverticality.com/blog/bartolomeu-de-gusmao-passarola-airship monthly 0.5 2022-09-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585145186049-0XW08GFDISEZ6UAD4VQL/1709-BartolomeudeGusm%C3%A3o-Airship.jpg Home - Bartolomeu de Gusmão's Passarola Airship Bartolomeu de Gusmão's original Passarola Airship proposal. The original was written in Portugese, but English translation for the parts follows: A. Wing to support the boat. B. Rudder. C. Bellows to compensate for the lack of wind. D. Wings to hold the machine. E. Magnet enclosed in two metal globes to attract the body of the boat with double iron blades. F. Net of suspended pieces of amber. G. Compass. H. Pulleys to release the wind. I. Space for ten travelers and the Inventor pilot to direct his route. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585145151687-KBG0Q37NAWF8K4A0X6A7/1709-BartolomeudeGusm%C3%A3o-Airship-2.jpg Home - Bartolomeu de Gusmão's Passarola Airship An illustration of Bartolomeu de Gusmão's Passarola Airship, quite similar to the original proposal. One main difference is that the airship is pictured among the clouds here, flying much like a bird does. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/francesco-lana-de-terzi-aerial-ship monthly 0.5 2020-12-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585068938308-USZ3HTMC6T5R242NSDEV/1670-FrancescoLanadeTerzi-AerialShip-1697Engraving.jpg Home - Francesco Lana de Terzi's Aerial Ship A 1697 engraving of Francesco Lana de Terzi’s aerial ship, flying high above the countryside. Pictured in the foreground are a pair of on-lookers, witnessing the flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585068189599-PK3CKY1DHHL2UZMTJL6E/1670-FrancescoLanadeTerzi-AerialShipConcept.jpg Home - Francesco Lana de Terzi's Aerial Ship Francesco Lana de Terzi’s concept for his aerial ship. The craft would sail much like a sailboat, and was lifted by four copper vacuum spheres. Illustration from de Terzi’s book Prodromo. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/vincent-de-groof-ornithopter monthly 0.5 2021-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585067341814-J330PY0038Q6HDPJ4JZQ/1874-VincentdeGroof-FlyingMachine-FromScientificAmerican1890.jpg Home - Vincent de Groof's Ornithopter Illustration of de Groof in his ornithopter, flying among the clouds. Engraving from an 1890 issue of Scientific American. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585067388637-AF1HV7Q8QA1HP2ZAYSG2/1874-FromthebookLesMerveillesdelaScience-TheFallofVincentdeGroof.jpg Home - Vincent de Groof's Ornithopter The Fall of Vincent de Groof. Illustration from the book Les Merveilles de la Science, published in 1887. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/fred-hoyle-quote monthly 0.5 2020-11-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/besnier-flying-apparatus monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584920696833-CWTZ62078VT8ET44EASJ/1678-Besnier-WingedFlyingMachine.jpg Home - Besnier's Flying Apparatus An illustration of Besnier flying above the countryside with his flying apparatus. Drawing from Les Merveilles de la Science, circa 1870. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585419665901-CN8BB13D517L20NVGAOK/27.jpg Home - Besnier's Flying Apparatus A 1910 trading card from the Aviation series of Wills’s Cigarettes trading card series. The card depicts Besnier flying with his flying machine. The image is a fantasy, however. Besnier never achieved flight, nor did he glide high above the landscape like this illustration shows. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tallest-building-in-the-south monthly 0.5 2020-12-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585088241505-W0AQ4I6PJ9YBYL5EMXGH/1912-TallestBuildingintheSouthPostcard.jpg Home - The Tallest Building in The South Postcard depicting The tallest building in the South, to be located in Memphis, Tennessee. The postcard calls the skyscraper ‘Proposed’, however no other drawings exist for it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585088086292-MU3JD44EDS4BHIL1J6MA/1912-TallestBuildingintheSouthPostcardSnippet.jpg Home - The Tallest Building in The South Edited detail of the original photograph, removing everything above the first main cornice line. Up to this cornice, the building does well to mix in with its surroundings, but the sheer height of the tower above kills any relation to its context. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/charles-f-ritchel-dirigicycle monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584807849387-3ORI5PSX11TJS8ZBQUAY/1878-CharlesFRitchel-NewFlyingMachineHarpersCover.jpg Home - Charles F. Ritchel's Dirigicycle The cover of Harper’s Weekly from July 13th, 1878. Pictured is Charles F. Ritchel’s dirigible, or airship. Ritchel’s machine flew a handful of times for private and public demonstrations, and he ended up building and selling a handful of them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584807605991-2VL8HEAUFG014BXVO7C3/1878-CharlesFRichel-FlyingMachinePatent2.jpg Home - Charles F. Ritchel's Dirigicycle Ritchel’s patent drawings for his dirigible. Pictured in detail are the mechanisms that allow the pilot to steer the craft. A hand-crank would spin a propeller, while foot pedals pivoted said propeller in order to steer the craft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584807626606-SWT0QRL3QG9TY8Y7ZD73/1878-CharlesFRitchel-FlyingMachineMarkQuinlanBostonAccident2.jpg Home - Charles F. Ritchel's Dirigicycle Mark Quinlan making in-flight repairs to Charles Ritchel’s Dirigicycle. He took off from Boston Common in the summer of 1878, and shortly after takeoff the gears jammed, requiring him to make in-air repairs with only a jack knife as a tool. His repairs were successful, and he landed safely, nearly 40 miles from where he took off. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/william-o-ayers-aerial-machine monthly 0.5 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1584638642819-UWPUPNK44QJGA1GMJQKE/1885-WilliamOrvilleAyres-AerialMachine.jpg Home - William O. Ayres' Aerial Machine An etching of William Orville Ayres’ Aerial Machine, conceptualized in 1885. This image was published in the May 9th issue of Scientific American from 1885, on page 291. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/liftoff-and-the-freedom-of-flight monthly 0.5 2021-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583342587606-XSYD4L0B2Z3WX7IJ1RRR/1929-LyonelFeininger-Sailboats.jpg Home - Liftoff and the Freedom of Flight Lyonel Feininger’s Sailboats, painted in 1929. Feininger abstracts the air and water as similar to the silhouettes of sailboats, with angular, diagonal lines. This abstraction symbolizes the link between the sailboats and their surroundings, and attempts to represent the connection between the sailor and the air. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586101931709-IFULUQGCY8XB7STXBDPT/1635-1637-JacobPeterGowy-TheFlightofIcarus.jpg Home - Liftoff and the Freedom of Flight Jacob Peter Gowy's The Flight of Icarus, painted in 1635–1637. The painting depicts Icarus falling after he flies too close to the sun, melting the wax in his wings. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583448339967-DGAK2MXAHIOU03PNM9J8/1898-HerbertJamesDraper-TheLamentForIcarus.jpg Home - Liftoff and the Freedom of Flight The Lament for Icarus, painted by Herbert James Draper in 1898. Icarus can be seen with his massive wings after drowning in the sea. Height represents both safety and danger, and the danger got the best of Icarus, who flew too close to the sun. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/wilbur-wright-quote monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-xi-breaking-the-box monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581641543899-U3C4RELUKA2D98V4QWGT/Petrobras%26CityCorp.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box Left: Petrobras Headquarters, completed in 1972 in Rio de Janeiro. Right: base of the CitiCorp Center, completed in 1977 in New York. Both buildings erode away their forms in order to break down the scale of the tall building and to humanize their experience. Petrobras photo by Felipe Lange Borges. Petrobras image source. CitiCorp image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581642954242-CZMVU216JBZF99A5NQMH/1983-SOM-NationalCommercialBankSection.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box The National Commercial Bank Building, completed in 1983 in Jeddah. The building has a central atrium and large voids in the facade that provide terraces. The atrium and voids let daylight penetrate deep into the building and provide a more human experience for occupants. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581643224915-T4YR5T0JP7CUXQUGK3JY/1997-FosterAndPartners-CommerzbankSection.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box Partial section of the Commerzbank Tower, completed in 1997 in Frankfurt. The tower uses a similar design to the National Commercial Bank, featuring a central atrium and voids that bring daylight deep into the building. The voids also contain skygardens that allow occupants to experience trees and schrubs while up in the tower. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581644981008-U2WW3O4OP7BBWQISW7PP/Plan-FosterAndPartners-CommerzbankSection-1997-2.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box Typical floor plan of the Commerzbank Tower, completed in 1997 in Frankfurt. The building’s lift banks are located in the corners of the floor plan, exposing them to the exterior and allowing occupants to see their surroundings while they ascend or descend the tower. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581643605300-L1YA3NAJJ5FFZJ17IHET/2016-B%C3%BCroOleSheeran-MahaNakhon-WisonTungthunya.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box The MahaNakhon tower, completed in 2016 in Bangkok. A pixelated pattern on the facade breaks down the scale of the building and provides each floor with a unique experience. It also provides outdoor terraces and the ability to see other levels of the building. Photo by Wilson Tungthunya. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581643634442-AO11O5VOOZW34RLAD1GK/2016-Herzog%26deMeuron-BeirutTerraces-IwanBaan.jpg Home - Verticality, Part XI: Breaking the Box The Beirut Terraces, completed in 2016. The tower features an irregular pattern of terraces and units that provide a unique experience to each unit, as well as a direct connection between the interior and exterior. Photo by Iwan Baan. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/edward-b-lamb-monument monthly 0.5 2021-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1582647126482-ITUQEZ89ZE9A2OP92S4K/1901-EdwardBLamb-MonumenttoBritishHeroes-2.jpg Home - Edward B. Lamb's Monument to British Heroes Edward B. Lamb’s National Monument to British Heroes, proposed in 1901. The Neo-Gothic structure utilizes verticality to point up to the sky, and creates an artificial mountain through its massing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1582672099001-N8EP74UY7FIXSIFLW7VC/1901-EdwardBLamb-MonumenttoBritishHeroes-Plan.jpg Home - Edward B. Lamb's Monument to British Heroes Plan of the proposed building, blown up from the original image. The central Hall of Monuments would have been a monumental space that would draw the eye upward toward the heavens. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/saverio-dioguardi-tribune-tower monthly 0.5 2021-02-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1582412262523-UY7XPZLOUP4TB5FTLXW1/1922-TribuneTowerCompetition-SaverioDioguardi.jpg Home - Saverio Dioguardi's Tribune Tower Proposal Saverio Dioguardi’s proposal for the 1922 Chicago Tribune Tower Competition. The design features classical elements and a wonderfully ornate design that is low on interior space but high in flamboyancy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1582303826511-F9LFSJK32M7LRHTV574A/1899-CharlesRLamb-DeweyArch-2.jpg Home - Saverio Dioguardi's Tribune Tower Proposal The Dewey Arch, which stood in Madison Square Park in New York. It was built as a temporary structure for a parade to honor Admiral George Dewey. The arch features classical detailing and the use of statuary. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/van-gogh-quote monthly 0.5 2020-11-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/height-lineups-and-abstraction monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581351286225-65O8EI4NRZ7QX1DHVN0E/1908-SingerBuildingComparison.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A 1908 drawing of notable tall buildings when the Singer Building was built in New York. The drawing abstracts the experience of verticality and creates an artificial ‘mountain’ out of the structures, with the Singer Building its peak. Verticality is being used to signify importance and accomplishment, as if the shorter structures aren’t as worthy or as good as the Singer, simply because it’s the tallest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581694927983-FJX593K3FYYLH7G5BP5L/1826-%C3%89douardHocquart-TableauComparitifdelaHauteurdesPrincipauxMonuments.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality An 1826 drawing titled Tableau Comparatif de la Hauteur des Principaux Monuments, by Édouard Hocquart. The title translates to A Comparative Table of the Height of the World’s Main Monuments. As with many drawings of this nature, the pyramids are hulking in the background, with a forest of delicate steeples dominating the rest of the image. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581351503304-1PTNP453S17KGTE93QMB/1850-JamesReynolds%26JohnEmslie-PrincipalBuildings.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality An 1850 drawing of The Principal Buildings in the World by James Reynolds & John Emslie. Here, the buildings are still arranged into an artificial mountain, with its peak at the top of the Great Pyramid. Verticality is used here to signify that height is the ‘principal’ factor in determining a building’s importance or relevance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1583862197731-I43GOOK5Z6RD25RMOKNZ/1872-FromthebookTheLeisureHour-SevenGreatTowersofItaly.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality Illustration showing the Seven Great Towers of Italy. By focusing on a single country, the artist was pointing out the superiority of Italian construction, and using verticality to do so. What’s interesting to note is that all these towers are associated with a cathedral except the first example, at Bologna. Drawing from an 1872 edition of The Leisure Hour. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581354059066-BDSWLWETQZ2JRRE24FYK/1884-Cram%27sUnrivaledFamilyAtlasOfTheWorld-WorldsTallestBuildings.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality Diagram of the Principal High Buildings of the Old World, from an 1884 issue of Cram's Unrivaled Family Atlas of the World. There’s a striking number of steeples and domes throughout the diagram, illustrating the dominance of these building forms on verticality throughout history. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581351838170-D9221QLAPC7DB00X4RPV/1896-Rand%2CMcNally%26Co-UniversalAtlasofTheWorld.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality An 1896 drawing of Notable High Buildings of the World by Rand, McNally & Co’s Universal Atlas of The World. Here, height is included in the title and the focus is on the Eiffel Tower, which is too tall to fit on the drawing. It towers over the rest of the buildings as if ruling over them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581351878369-86E9B7FABED7LXDAYRSL/1925-PetitLarousseIllustr%C3%A9-ManVsNature.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A graphic from Le Petit Larousse Illustré, called Man Vs. Nature from 1925. Here, the height of man-made structures are compared to mountains. Needless to say, our attempts at verticality pale in comparison to Mother Nature’s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581958580405-7SBSAL2K49SCOUN14GUU/1930-EmpireStateBuildingHeightComparison-PopularMechanics.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A 1930 drawing from Popular Mechanics showing the height of the Empire State Building compared to other tall buildings of its day. What’s curious here is the inclusion of the Great Pyramid, lurking in the background and quite a bit shorter than any other building shown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581696156933-B6M0ZCP020W44FZKWOHR/1934-QueenMaryLengthComparisonAdvert.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality Advert from the 1930’s showcasing the scale of the Queen Mary ocean liner. The ship is placed vertically in between the highest buildings in North America on the left, and Europe on the right. This symbolizes the Queen Mary as a link between the two continents. The drawing also uses verticality as a measure of power and might, using the length of the boat as a metaphor for the same values embodied in tall buildings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581958782612-VZR540UFWR6H69SFHG7Z/1939-DouglasRolfe-WorldsTallestBuilding-MechanixIllustrated-2.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A 1939 drawing of the proposed Palace of the Soviets from Mechanix Illustrated. The Palace of the Soviets was to be the tallest building in the world, and it’s compared to the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581966425667-HJO6SWNON94HWWBE9HNN/1980-NorburyLWayman-GatewayArchHeightComparison.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A postcard by Norbury L. Wayman, probably from the late 1970s, showing the height of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis compared to other ‘famous high structures’ throughout the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581958349709-UL3Z9Y0LIIZ2TR1AEX3I/2016-AlbertoLucasL%C3%B3pez-CTBUH-HeightofSocialValues-2.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A 2016 drawing by Alberto Lucas López and the CTBUH of the tallest buildings of history, with color used to indicate function. Not surprisingly, the tallest buildings of modern times are economic in function, with office (pink) and mixed-use (blue) being the most popular, while religious buildings (green), public buildings (orange) and monuments (red) are much more common throughout history and dominate the lower regions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581353056963-0TTYM4NWJ25ZIV5B4VGX/1906-ErnestFlagg-SingerBuildingLineup-ScientificAmerican.jpg Home - Height Lineups and the Abstraction of Verticality A pair of drawings examining the Singer Tower and it’s relationship to other tall buildings, as well as its context in Lower Manhattan. Drawing from a 1906 issue of Scientific American. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/ryounkaku-tower monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581698729146-04X3U6SGR28TBHKTKGKE/1890-Ry%C5%8DunkakuTowerAdvert.jpg Home - Ryōunkaku Tower: Japan's First Skyscraper An 1890 promotional flyer for the Ryōunkaku Tower, featuring the building’s lifts and stairs, as well as the roof terrace. The roof terrace allowed the public to experience their surroundings from above, which was a novelty at the time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581699180848-P5A44MGF8PB8YF93F52L/1890-Ry%C5%8DunkakuTowerDrawing.jpg Home - Ryōunkaku Tower: Japan's First Skyscraper Two 1890 drawings of the Ryōunkaku Tower, showing the human uses of the building. On the left, a standard perspective of the building, showcasing its height compared to kites. On the right, a cutaway view showing the internal uses, including lifts, stairs, and structure. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581698746373-VL8RHERS8RS9GPASDC01/1890-Ry%C5%8DunkakuTowerPostcard.jpg Home - Ryōunkaku Tower: Japan's First Skyscraper An 1890 postcard showing the Ryōunkaku Tower in the context of Asakusa Park, with two people in the foreground admiring the structure from across a pond. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/domes-and-steeples monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581354059066-BDSWLWETQZ2JRRE24FYK/1884-Cram%27sUnrivaledFamilyAtlasOfTheWorld-WorldsTallestBuildings.jpg Home - Domes and Steeples of the Old World Diagram of the Principal High Buildings of the Old World, from an 1884 issue of Cram's Unrivaled Family Atlas of the World. There’s a striking number of steeples and domes throughout the composition, illustrating the dominance of these building forms on verticality throughout history. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-x-conquering-the-skies monthly 0.5 2021-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581534770432-4STI0L64MHLAZOS30AC0/1889-EiffelTowerPostcard.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies Postcard of Eiffel’s 1889 Tower in Paris. The structure was designed for the 1889 World’s Fair. The building’s sole purpose was to display the power of France. It also allowed the public to experience a birds-eye view of Paris. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581537110923-VAOL0W3ZLG14H45JD61K/1922-HughFerris-NewYorkZoningMassings-3.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies Two studies of possible building envelopes that result from the 1916 Zoning Laws in New York City, drawn by Hugh Ferris in 1922. The zoning laws required buildings to set back as they got taller, allowing more light and air to reach street level. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581537543502-ERNMPP8S0GXNNHMRAE2M/1931-ChryslerAndEmpireStatePostcards.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies Postcards featuring the 1930 Chrysler Building and the 1931 Empire State Building, both in New York. These towers used verticality to assert the dominance of New York, and each has become an icon for the city and for skyscrapers in general. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581538210058-UUCLU2AUKIQQN2OR64VR/1924-ChicagoTemple%26BroadwayTemplePostcards.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies Postcards featuring the 1924 Chicago Temple Building and the proposed 1923 Broadway Temple. These buildings represent an attempt by God to retake the skyline from Ego. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581539356996-SBZ3IJAUKJUEQKU76TNR/1922-TribuneTowerCompetition.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies Four designs submitted to the Chicago Tribune Tower competition. The two on the left are modernistic, using the mountain metaphor and expressive detailing, while the two on the right are modern, with austere and abstracted facades. The winning entry by Howells & Hood is on the far left, with Eliel Saarinen, Dwight Wallace and Bertell Grenman’s design next. On the right is Max Taut’s submission, with Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer’s design on the far right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581550315375-XE5ZL6F5YQMPFP83JVGO/1958-MiesvanderRohe-SeagramBuilding-EzraStoller-2.jpg Home - Verticality, Part X: Conquering The Skies The Seagram Building, built in 1958. The tower is meant to be a spacecraft, completely indifferent to its surroundings. The box-shaped tower contains a stack of identical floors that provide identical experiences to its users, save for the view. Photo © Ezra Stoller. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/da-vinci-quote-2 monthly 0.5 2020-11-24 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/porcelain-tower-of-nankin monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581287208460-VNNIGI6XQ5PIH5LY5O0L/1665-JohanNieuhof-PorcelainTowerOfNankin.jpg Home - The Porcelain Tower of Nankin Illustration of the Porcelain Tower, drawn by Johan Nieuhof circa 1665. The tower features a series of modules stacked upon each other. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581287252924-MEGAMI833XZXHMBHKRPE/1665-JohanNieuhof-PorcelainTowerOfNankin2.jpg Home - The Porcelain Tower of Nankin Illustration of the Porcelain Tower, drawn by Johan Nieuhof circa 1665. The tower was the centerpiece of the Great Bao'en Temple Complex. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586102051606-L9GQWRETRSIMPQRTF4RN/1450-PorcelainTowerOfNankin.jpg Home - The Porcelain Tower of Nankin Historic illustration of the Porcelain Tower. Image Source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/highrise-of-homes monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1580762915472-L30X492B7F0FZNHWURTD/1981-JamesWines-HighRiseOfHomes2.jpg Home - James Wines and the Highrise of Homes Perspective of the Highrise of Homes by James Wines. Image © James Wines and SITE. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1580763026843-87UWOE85UUVEPVYQ9URG/1981-JamesWines-HighRiseOfHomes3.jpg Home - James Wines and the Highrise of Homes Axonometric view and plan view of a typical level. Image © James Wines and SITE. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1580763064426-N6LG8JWKWTRQFI9B130K/1981-JamesWines-HighRiseOfHomes.jpg Home - James Wines and the Highrise of Homes Elevation view. Image © James Wines and SITE. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1580763216824-F2GT8TW5KTDVKOU1QDX1/1981-JamesWines-HighRiseOfHomes4.jpg Home - James Wines and the Highrise of Homes View of the courtyard of a U-shaped design. Image © James Wines and SITE. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/depthscraper monthly 0.5 2021-01-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1580074179580-SVG4GR2E6F1VYO3BEAQM/1931-DepthScraper.jpg Home - The Earthquake-proof Depthscraper Design for a subterranean skyscraper from Everyday Science and Mechanics in 1931. The inversion of the tower prototype looks quite cramped at the lower levels. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/socrates-quote monthly 0.5 2022-03-28 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-ix-man-upends-god monthly 0.5 2020-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100547292-Y1RT1BALF28U01TWT7P1/1836-AgustusPugin-Contrasts-01.jpg Home - Verticality, Part IX: Man Upends God Agustus Pugin’s Contrasts from 1836, showing a town skyline before the Industrial Revolution. The skyline is dominated by religious structures, with their towers and steeples found throughout the town. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100578213-GXR306WTGQWG44XM10ED/1836-AgustusPugin-Contrasts-02.jpg Home - Verticality, Part IX: Man Upends God Pugin’s Contrasts from 1836, showing the same town after the Industrial Revolution. The skyline is now dominated by smokestacks, and the town center is getting more dense, resulting in multi-story buildings lining the riverfront. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579369587376-XRVLDW51VDBRMG9F7PMY/1904-Pennell%2CJoseph-QueenAnne%27sMansions-FromHenryJames-EnglishHours-1905.jpg Home - Verticality, Part IX: Man Upends God 1904 drawing of Queen Anne’s Mansions by Joseph Pennell. The building towered over its surroundings, affording views to its occupants but drawing controversy from the public. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579369706910-O5E9TZMRWKSME2X875UM/1922-EquitableBuildingPostcard.jpg Home - Verticality, Part IX: Man Upends God Postcard of the Equitable Building, circa 1922. The tower rose straight up from its lot line without setbacks, and ushered in the age of the skyscraper. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/machu-picchu-and-a-fear-of-heights monthly 0.5 2022-03-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579122272592-V3BMLQLSAYFCAC358YXK/2019-MachuPicchu04.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Machu Picchu and A Fear of Heights The Sacred Valley of the Incas includes some of the most breathtaking landscapes I've ever seen. It also brought me face-to-face with a lifelong fear of heights and provided some visceral exposure therapy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579122317800-492W3NWDILKM0COTT8L2/2019-MachuPicchu01.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Machu Picchu and A Fear of Heights Huayna Picchu, behind the ruins of Machu Picchu. The hike went up the left side of the mountain, where the densest foliage is concentrated. The summit of the mountain is where the Huayna Picchu ruins are. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579122355884-12DPK803XQX7OB2B73Q3/2019-MachuPicchu03.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Machu Picchu and A Fear of Heights View from the trail. It felt quite exposed at parts, and the path was only a couple feet wide, which really intensified the experience. For most of the hike there was nothing to grab onto except for the rock-face, but pictured here is a rope on the outer side to grab onto. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579122398279-FCZYKDJTC7TE2GA3Q31U/2019-MachuPicchu02.jpg Home - Anecdotes : Machu Picchu and A Fear of Heights The view from the ruins of Huayna Picchu, with Machu Picchu center-left, down below. I really felt as if I was on top of the world up there, and the landscape was beyond anything I'd ever seen before. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/da-vinci-quote monthly 0.5 2020-10-31 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-viii-god-versus-ego monthly 0.5 2021-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579290462418-OGLD02TNDLGFJ1YHFPTY/1908-WilhelmL%C3%BCbke%26MaxSemrau-HagiaSophiaOriginalSection.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VIII: God versus Ego A section of the original design for Hagia Sophia drawn in 1908 by Wilhelm Lübke & Max Semrau. The building is designed around a central dome, which seems to ‘float’ due to the clerestory windows at its base. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579290599221-UZVIMVNTBKZ7M9T9WI0C/423-IconOfSimeonStylitestheElderWithSimeonStylitestheYounger.jpeg Home - Verticality, Part VIII: God versus Ego Fifth century Icon of Simeon Stylites the Elder With Simeon Stylites the Younger, showing the men atop their pillars, attempting to get closer to God. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579290211653-QV0Y2OZBICL2TRFX3KXS/1900-VerlagVonStengel%26Co-MariaLaachAbbey.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VIII: God versus Ego A photo of Maria Laach Abbey, taken in the early 20th century by Verlag von Stengel & Co.. The building features turrets and steeples, which serve to draw the eye upwards and point to the sky through their form. Image ©️ Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579289005391-3HX2XKW2ADO541Q1EBJD/1885-ChartresCathedral-NouveauDictionnaireEncyclop%C3%A9diqueUniverselIllustr%C3%A9.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VIII: God versus Ego Drawing of Chartres Cathedral towering over the surrounding town. The building was creating a landmark out of its place and pointing up to the sky through its architecture. Drawing from the Nouveau Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Universel Illustré from 1885. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579289730790-TE0WX7Q5FJI38E0MB5RU/1436-FlorenceCathedralSection.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VIII: God versus Ego Section through Florence Cathedral, with its massive dome, designed by designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The dome represents a singular expression of Heaven on earth that is just as good as Heaven itself. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-vii-heavens-on-earth monthly 0.5 2023-01-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579287377936-0NLTA3KKJFNP54316528/1846-LeoVonKlenze-Akropolis.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth An 1846 painting by Leo von Klenze titled Akropolis, showing the Athenian Acropolis perched atop a hill in the center of the city. The Greeks were using verticality to establish hierarchy in their capital. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/65db2368-14f8-4317-ba7b-f505a6faa628/1721-JohannBernhardFischerVonErlach-LighthouseofAlexandria.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth The Lighthouse of Alexandria, built by the Greeks to convey the power and wealth of the Greek people. The building also embodies the metaphors of the human body and the mountain, and is a precursor to modern skyscrapers. Illustration by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach from 1721. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/4e49af79-ce04-4220-afd1-465bc0565a5e/1880-SidneyBarclay-ColossusofRhodes.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth - Make it stand out Etching from 1880 by Sidney Barclay showing a possible location and posture for the Colossus of Rhodes. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579287741315-MNU7TK5MO0Q4FDFK7XTN/1790-Piranesi-PantheonSection.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth A section of the Roman Pantheon, drawn in 1790 by Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The building was built as a house of the gods and represents an attempt to recreate the heavens on earth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579287871656-KWQ2UDP85I3RYCABE70I/TowerOfHerculesAndTrajansColumn.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth Left: a 1792 drawing of the Tower of Hercules by Joseph Cornide. Right: a 1921 drawing of Trajan’s Column by Banister Fletcher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579288030331-8YX5TJ9VCCRHBWULQUR7/1594-LucasVanValckenborch-TowerOfBabel.jpeg Home - Verticality, Part VII: Heavens on Earth An artist’s interpretation of The Tower of Babel, painted by Lucas van Valckenborch in 1594. The story of its construction is an example of our innate need for verticality. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/forests-and-verticality monthly 0.5 2023-02-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579121817694-ENY03Q7JWUEN7FDM8YOW/DukeForestModel-PiedmontForestSuccession.jpg Home - Forests and Verticality Piedmont Forest Succession from Duke University. Natural growth is based on verticality and follows a pattern that begins with small plants and progresses into massive hardwood forests. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-vi-archetypes monthly 0.5 2022-02-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579367231789-QADN08JT1SX9DX7O6K8D/1908-Menhir-PierreCornoise.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes Menhir drawing by Pierre Cornoise from 1908. Large, upright stones symbolize the upright human body and our inner need to escape the surface of the earth. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579366682272-JL0B4QH6I52EYWI6FMAG/1994-IronPagodaStamp.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes A 1994 stamp featuring the 11th century Iron Pagoda at Kaifeng, China. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1586102106388-4IN3AW599WJKB3Y83F2W/1989-GAndrews-MayanTowers.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes Comparison of the Maya Campeche Towers. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579198537770-RBF32INCOOTWU4P5ABSI/1925-PetitLarousseIllustr%C3%A9-ManVsNature.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes A graphic from Le Petit Larousse Illustré, called Man Vs. Nature from 1925. Mountains are the highest places we can get to in the natural world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579198581087-4S98FFJINR72YBA13HAV/Isandlwanamassgrave.jpeg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes Cairn in South Africa, marking the site of a mass grave. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579198621549-UXLOOC08RYNVCBBPCPRI/950-UnknownSource-IzumoTaishaShrine.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes The 10th century Izumo Grand Shrine in Japan. Raised up on massive pillars, the builders of this structure were trying to create a link between the earth and the sky. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579198662089-BVI3O317OI64H6YEW0F3/Chichen_Itza_3.jpg Home - Verticality, Part VI: Archetypes El Castillo, built sometime between the 9th and 12th centuries. An example of a Mesoamerican teocalli, the structure serves to raise up a temple and create a link between the earth and the sky. Photo by Daniel Schwen. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/past-cities-of-the-future monthly 0.5 2022-02-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579121485483-E3X32CT6GUBAPO9VIYUN/1911-Eug%C3%A8neH%C3%A9nard-StreetOfTheFutureIllustration.jpg Home - Cities of the Future from the Past Eugène Hénard's Street of the Future illustration from 1911. The vertical relationships of a city are drawn in wonderful detail. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1585586296699-3K3FV5JLQL485387QE10/image-asset.jpeg Home - Cities of the Future from the Past A 1913 idea for a future city by Harvey Wily Corbett. It includes a multi-layered city with myriad uses packed into a single street section. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/superheroes-and-skyscrapers monthly 0.5 2022-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120717816-XVODDWJY9KTQSOJ1H9I9/Superhero-KingKong-1933-RadioPictures.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Scene from King Kong (1933) after he scales the Empire State Building. Image © Radio Pictures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120777208-EHB22CH4YJ3TLZOM0NFM/Superhero-Venom-2018-SonyPictures.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Scene from Venom (2018) from atop the Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco. Image © Sony Pictures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120803584-4GLAJJYDMC3KG6IR6VFA/Superhero-Spawn-1997-NewLineCinema.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Scene from Spawn (1997) on a perch above the city after coming into his own. Image © New Line Cinema. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120841036-709RWVGMUBNODWNDRDN1/Superhero-TheDarkKnight-2008-WarnerBrosPictures.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Scene from The Dark Knight (2008) with Batman atop the Sears Tower in Chicago (posing as Gotham City). Image © Warner Bros Pictures. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120871875-P5PERZDBFH1WUR0UM650/Superhero-TheSpirit-2008-Lionsgate.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Scene from The Spirit (2008) high atop the city, looking down upon his 'kingdom'. Image © Lionsgate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120907243-AWJM0VG5ZAIR7U4UDOSO/Superhero-Hellboy-2019-Lionsgate.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Marketing image for Hellboy (2019) showing him at a sky-high vantage point looking over some type of destruction below. Image © Lionsgate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120927275-N6P17O7LEVELDM9KZ4A7/Superhero-TeenageMutantNinjaTurtles-2014-ParamountPictures.jpg Home - Superheroes and Skyscrapers Marketing image for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014) of Michelangelo atop a building in Times Square, New York City. Image © Paramount Pictures. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/tale-of-two-apartments monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579120293845-B1P3PTCJR6DXBP701ALY/1928-ClarenceDBatchelor-SoThisIsProgress.jpg Home - Anecdotes : A Tale of Two Apartments A 1928 drawing by Clarence D. Batchelor. How do the two experiences compare? What are the benefits and costs of each of these lifestyles? https://www.onverticality.com/blog/trinity-church-dwarfed monthly 0.5 2022-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579119102006-QZOT31N6RX4KK1BEURYD/1930-PaulMorand-TrinityChurchAndEquitableBldg.jpg Home - Trinity Church and The Contemporary Dwarfing of Historic Structures Woodcut of Trinity Church's Spire with the Equitable Building behind it. Trinity, once the tallest building in the United States, has since been dwarfed by the subsequent construction around it. Image by Paul Morand. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579119245482-D2Z8HTSQVS0N7696O6K1/1846-TrinityChurchBirdsEye.jpg Home - Trinity Church and The Contemporary Dwarfing of Historic Structures Trinity Church after construction. The building towered over its surroundings and became a landmark for the area. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579119301959-E7XJ9FHD7NLL51I617X2/1900-TrinityChurch.jpg Home - Trinity Church and The Contemporary Dwarfing of Historic Structures Trinity Church in 1905. The surrounding buildings overtake Trinity's dominance of the skyline. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579119351010-Z27PU53IQAAJKDIUQV20/1930-PaulMorand-TrinityChurchWoodcut.jpg Home - Trinity Church and The Contemporary Dwarfing of Historic Structures Trinity Church as seen from Wall Street. The spire seems puny in comparison to the massive office buildings that surround it. Image by Paul Morand. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/antoni-gaudi-new-york-skyscraper monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579118293033-JDGIRJV3BLUSAH9GRPP1/1908-AntoniGaudi-HotelAttraction-NYC.jpg Home - Antoni Gaudí's New York Skyscraper Section and drawing of Antoni Gaudí's Hotel Attraction, designed in 1908 for New York City. Gaudí raised the larger cultural spaces to the top half of the tower, which gives them more importance over the hotel. Drawings by Juan Matemala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579118432288-YNV4DSX1EH6BDB0EXZPF/1908-AntoniGaudi-HotelAttraction-NYC-3.jpg Home - Antoni Gaudí's New York Skyscraper Plan of the building. This sketch was allegedly by Gaudí himself. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-v-global-threads monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579117662457-W4I3NGD5C06ME09G40FU/1874-CivitaDiBagnoregio.jpg Home - Verticality, Part V: Global Threads A drawing of Civita di Bagnoregio Citadel in Italy from 1874. The settlers of this site were no doubt interested in defending their village. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1581354059066-BDSWLWETQZ2JRRE24FYK/1884-Cram%27sUnrivaledFamilyAtlasOfTheWorld-WorldsTallestBuildings.jpg Home - Verticality, Part V: Global Threads Religion and God have had a profound effect on civilizations throughout time. This 1884 illustration from Cram’s Unrivaled Atlas of the World shows the tallest buildings in the world from the time, and nearly all of them are based on God in some way. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/moai-of-easter-island monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109984381-F124BKTJSTQ6Z0WFJYNT/MoaiOfEasterIsland.jpg Home - The Moai of Easter Island Ahu and Moai at Tongariki, Easter Island. The Moai represented past kings of a village who were buried below each statue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579110031382-1M8ODJPAQ7J9GJOK5VIV/UnknownSource-MoaiAhuDrawing.jpg Home - The Moai of Easter Island Drawing of a typical Ahu. The platform containing the graves was raised above the surface, and the Moai were placed atop the graves to symbolize the king buried there. The raising up of the graves signifies their importance to the village. Image from the Museo Rapa Nui in Hanga Roa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579110072167-3WIMHHQ5LQ6G5WES1SEG/UnknownSource-MoaiOverTime.jpg Home - The Moai of Easter Island Moai design over time. Early Moai were a bit taller than a person, and they progressively got taller throughout time. The height of a specific Moai was a signifier of the importance of the king it was representing. From left to right: A: Red Escoria Moai from Tahai, B: Moai Tuturi from Rano Raraku, C: Moai Ahu Vai Uri from Tahai, D: Moai Ko Te Riku from Tahai, E: Moai Ahu Tongariki from Hotu Iti, F: Moai Paro from Ahu Te Pito Kura, and G: Moai from Rano Raraku. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/izumo-taisha-shrine monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109663152-9N3LAFR5X0A94JCHWA8J/950-UnknownSource-IzumoTaishaShrine.jpg Home - The Izumo-taisha Shrine Artist rendering of the Izumo-taisha Shrine, circa 950AD. How do you convey the importance of your temple to others? Raise it 48 meters above the ground, of course. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109738437-I2C4YVY1DXZRCK22CWO6/IzumoTaishaShrineMuseum.jpg Home - The Izumo-taisha Shrine A 1:10 scale model of how the ancient shrine may have looked, from the Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo. Image from Japan-Guide.com. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/terracing-and-the-green-machine monthly 0.5 2022-02-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579108712943-ZV6HBWO1C4SXZHZWDNPT/1850-HangingGardensOfBabylon.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and possibly our first major attempt at linking our high places with greenery and vegetation. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579108758393-P5KJUNPYFAJKTGNJGRJ4/1384-MintySainsbury-TorreGuinigi-Lucca.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Torre Guinigi in Lucca, Italy. An early example of incorporating greenery high above the surface. Drawing by Minty Sainsbury. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579108811788-DGUTIQ1UOVR7NCF0WBXB/1930-LeCorbusier-VilleRadieuse2.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Left: Harvey Wily Corbett's City of the Future from 1913. Right: Le Corbusier's Ville Radieuse (Radient City) proposal from 1930. Each of these drawings depicts a vertical separation of the city's surface functions, effectively reducing the vibrancy and activity of the actual surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579108997838-QW5SELFO1QP9IPVN9S9S/Terrace-Foster-Commerzbank-02.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Norman Foster's Commerzbank Tower in Germany, completed in 1997. The sky gardens utilize vegetation in planters, creating a disconnect between human and plant. Image © Die Bitumenbahn. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109027728-LT7814D2TEVM5YY0TSMF/Terrace-Chipperfield-AmorePacific-02.jpeg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine David Chipperfield's Amorepacific Headquarters in South Korea, completed in 2017. The vegetation is planted at foot level, making it more accessible and integrated into the experience, much like natural vegetation. Image © Noshe. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109084414-0A8N1AFZ1N20CRA7AGSS/Section-FosterAndPartners-CommerzbankSectionDetail-1997.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Partial section through Foster's Commerzbank Tower. All the plantings exist above the floor slab, which is less expensive, but comes at the cost of isolation. Image © Foster + Partners. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109133885-JLVWLX97YY2ZY2XXVQ32/Section-DavidChipperfield-AmorepacificHeadquarters-Seoul-2017.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Partial section through Chipperfield's Amorepacific Headquarters. The plantings grow from foot-level, requiring the soil and drainage infrastructure to take up space on the floor below. This requires more design integration and cost, but results in a much more immersive experience. Image © David Chipperfield Architects. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109173282-TFZNGN0S6J1KO6G5KERU/Diagram-TreeRootStructure.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Tree root structure. On the left is what people typically think a tree root system looks like, with a structure similar to the canopy. In reality, it's much more like the drawing on the right, with a shallow but broad structure, which maximizes the amount of nutrients the roots can gather from the soil. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109294669-VJ1A7CN0DN2RIU3HR2EJ/Terrace-WOHA-OasiaHotel-02.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine WOHA's Oasia Hotel in Singapore, completed in 2016. The gardens here are large and include trees, providing a pleasant canopy to be under as well as a large space for vegetation to grow together. Image © Patrick Bingham-Hall. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109335231-DVBVXN9TV559G8BBP3QF/Terrace-VTN-FPTUniversity-02.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Vo Trong Nghia's FPT University Building, completed in 2017. The balcony trees are singular elements, effectively rendering them as 'on display' rather than integrated into a larger garden. Image © Hiroyuki Oki. Image source. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579109400229-S0SBPGXZGN4Z4MV0TOWN/Section-WOHA-OasiaHotel-Singapore-2016.jpg Home - Terracing and the Green Machine Section through WOHA's Oasia Hotel in Singapore, completed in 2016. All the elements discussed here come together into a series of green spaces in the sky that provide immersive experiences for the people using them. This is no doubt the result of an informed design process and an invested client. Image © WOHA. Image source. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/bologna-rising monthly 0.5 2021-10-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/24ccf371-08a5-41c9-9a7c-55807e7f12dd/Ricostruzione-di-Bologna-di-A.-Finelli.jpg Home - Bologna Rising Postcard of Bologna, Italy from the early 20th century. Towers as status symbols for wealthy families. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579105809392-NSLHQSHK8E0A5697D280/1931-FrancisSSwales-ViewOfBolognaAtTheTimeOfDante.jpg Home - Bologna Rising A View of Bologna at The Time of Dante by Francis S. Swales from 1931. A veritable forest announcing its presence to the surrounding landscape. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/stacking-suburbia monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579105452329-2L5M9IJIMSIAYHBH9UKO/1909-ABWalker-CartoonInLifeMagazine-Koolhaas-DeleriousNewYorkpp83.jpg Home - Stacking Suburbia A cartoon by A.B. Walker from Life Magazine in 1909. Reprinted in Delirious New York by Rem Koolhaas, pg 83. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/man-vs-nature monthly 0.5 2021-07-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579105079632-WGO3Q6Z85T1KXIT3THO8/1925-PetitLarousseIllustr%C3%A9-ManVsNature.jpg Home - Man Vs. Nature A graphic from Le Petit Larousse Illustré, called Man Vs. Nature from 1925. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-iv-beating-the-system monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579104414626-AIPIHG4S6HZYV3DUZBRK/Plan-FrankLloydWright-RobieHouse-1910.png Home - Verticality, Part IV: Beating the System Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House from 1910, main floor plan. You can see the centrally located fireplace, or hearth, around which the rest of the plan is designed. Wright believed the hearth should be the central element of the home, as a place where gathering occurs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579104494809-7VCBCQO6A1J5060QGBUG/1755-MarcAntoineLaugier-PrimitiveHut.jpg Home - Verticality, Part IV: Beating the System The Primitive Hut, the frontispiece of Marc Antoine Laugier’s Essai sur l'architecture from 1755. He represents the first work of architecture as the first example of humanity externalizing our need for shelter, and our connection to our natural surroundings. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/skylines-as-value-indicators monthly 0.5 2021-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100488448-3KFN8Y2Y4EYGCBB6V9Q0/1881-ThomasNast-ClusteredSkyscrapersOnTheTipOfManhattan.jpg Home - Skylines As Value Indicators New York A Few Years from Now, an 1881 cartoon for Harper's Weekly by Thomas Nast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100547292-Y1RT1BALF28U01TWT7P1/1836-AgustusPugin-Contrasts-01.jpg Home - Skylines As Value Indicators Catholic Town from 1440, from the 1836 Contrasts by Agustus Pugin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100578213-GXR306WTGQWG44XM10ED/1836-AgustusPugin-Contrasts-02.jpg Home - Skylines As Value Indicators The Same Town in 1840, from the 1836 Contrasts by Agustus Pugin. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-iii-inception monthly 0.5 2020-11-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579099967705-DUSIQS1FIIZ2JRQ0SJVM/1879-ErnstHaeckel-PedigreeOfMan-TheEvolutionOfManVolII2.jpg Home - Verticality, Part III: Inception Left: Pedigree of Man by Ernst Haeckel from 1897. Right: Genealogical Tree of Animal Life by Benjamin C. Gruenberg from 1919. Though intriguing images, each reinforces many misconceptions about the process of evolution and equates evolution to forward progress, with Man at the top. [1] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100037273-ZZVRJFZEY3SYXSL7VO73/1930-LewisHine-Icarus-EmpireStateBuilding.jpg Home - Verticality, Part III: Inception Lewis Hine’s Icarus from his Empire State Building photograph series from 1930-31. A fear of heights is innate in us, but some of us don’t suffer from it at all, which makes jobs like this possible. [5] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579100090251-O07SWEXK873Q9EYXG8UF/1965-RudolphFZallinger-MarchOfProgress.jpg Home - Verticality, Part III: Inception Rudolph Zallinger’s iconic March of Progress from 1965. This image suffers from the same criticism of the Tree of Life drawings shown above. Evolution is not a linear process, nor does it equate to forward progress. I show it because it’s familiar and it does a good job of conveying the progression over time that resulted in our upright, bipedal posture. [12] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579290965937-TD5BG08CTDBF0N1JEOSA/1872-1875-EadweardMuybridge-RunningAtFullSpeed.jpg Home - Verticality, Part III: Inception Eadweard Muybridge’s Running At Full Speed from 1872. Once we became bipedal, we were a vertical species. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/language-of-verticality monthly 0.5 2021-09-27 https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-ii-seeds monthly 0.5 2022-04-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579084009161-X6RERAG673ZQSDYGVGU6/198603-EdFisher-NewYorkerCartoon.jpg Home - Verticality, Part II: The Seeds of Verticality A New Yorker cartoon from March 31, 1986 by Ed Fisher. Humans are drawn to mountains because they provide us with high spaces to occupy and aspire to, and our upright bodies relate to them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579087425481-J98KO8UQ6NYI0NUJI9O2/DukeForestModel-PiedmontForestSuccession.jpg Home - Verticality, Part II: The Seeds of Verticality Piedmont Forest Succession, by Duke University. Trees must constantly compete for access to light and air. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/high-places monthly 0.5 2021-10-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579084009161-X6RERAG673ZQSDYGVGU6/198603-EdFisher-NewYorkerCartoon.jpg Home - High Places A New Yorker cartoon from March 31, 1986 by Ed Fisher. Humans are drawn to mountains because they provide us with high spaces to occupy and aspire to. https://www.onverticality.com/blog/verticality-part-i-context monthly 0.5 2022-04-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e1e5ef4c84b953ac52564ba/1579054269012-LSJITSXAGX1NLYFVCV6C/1972-Apollo17Crew-BlueMarble.jpg Home - Verticality, Part I: The Context The Blue Marble. This photo was taken by the crew of Apollo 17 in 1972. 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